[{"id":275871,"date":"2026-08-19T06:45:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T10:45:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=275871"},"modified":"2026-08-19T07:03:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T11:03:29","slug":"how-accusations-against-black-academics-point-to-the-real-end-of-woke-1-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/how-accusations-against-black-academics-point-to-the-real-end-of-woke-1-0\/","title":{"rendered":"How Accusations Against Black Academics Point to the Real End of \u201cWoke 1.0\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This week, the British academy was rocked by a scandal that curdled into a tragedy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jason Arday, a neurodivergent Black Cambridge professor who was feted as a wunderkind by some and denigrated as a fabulist by others, resigned earlier this month amidst accusations of plagiarism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After experiencing several weeks of hounding by the British press\u2014including dog-whistly suggestions that he was a DEI hire, under-qualified from the start\u2014Arday was found dead at his home last Friday of apparent suicide. He was 41 years old.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2026\/aug\/17\/the-guardian-view-on-jason-arday-a-tragedy-that-demands-reflection\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an editorial<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> published today explaining their role in the investigation, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Guardian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> positioned the professor&#8217;s death as an alarming bellwether. Whatever his intellectual indiscretions, editors wrote, Arday, the youngest Black professor in Cambridge&#8217;s 800 year history, &#8220;became an exhibit in an ideological, almost Trumpian campaign against diversity and inclusion.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In his death, the editors insisted, we must locate a lesson. But of what, exactly?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And who is &#8216;we?&#8217;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Arday&#8217;s case became the subject of international fascination in part because it rhymes with a conversation happening on this side of the Atlantic.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the past year, the Trump administration and its too-ready-to-comply henchmen in higher-ed have been hard at work<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/how-black-studies-departments-are-being-dismantled-at-american-colleges\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dismantling Black and Africana Studies programs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on charges of &#8220;woke ideology.&#8221; (Northwestern University&#8217;s program is the latest on the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/news\/quick-takes\/2026\/08\/18\/northwesterns-african-studies-program-loses-research-status\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">chopping block<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as of this week.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The scapegoating is singular, but convenient in the same way. Where <a href=\"https:\/\/coreyrobin.com\/2026\/08\/10\/on-plagiarism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">English racists<\/a> cry DEI hire, American ones cry DEI <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">curriculum<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. All with the same net effect: diminishing the work of Black and POC scholars. <\/span>And alas, the baddies are winning. Big time. Even the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/magazine\/2026\/09\/elite-academia-leadership-hypocrisy\/687969\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">liberal backlash against DEI<\/a> programs begins to take on the rhetoric and tone of its initial conservative haters.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, it&#8217;s a no good, very bad time for <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">all<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the FKA woke folk. Though it&#8217;s sometimes been hard to hear this bell over the death knell for American<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/hechingerreport.org\/more-than-a-quarter-of-private-colleges-are-at-risk-of-closing-new-projection-shows\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">college,<\/span><\/a> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in general.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All across the States, university enrollment is down while tuitions are soaring. Meanwhile, degraded working conditions\u2014see, the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/login\/?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fsociety%2Fadjuncting-until-the-end-of-time%2F\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adjunctification<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> discourse\u2014make academic professionalization less and less sustainable. This financial reckoning neatly coincides with the ongoing ideological assault. And the bottom line bodes ill for all current seniors.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As Joel A. Schlosser and Tommaso Bardelli wrote in a recent analysis for the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lareviewofbooks.org\/article\/microcollege-movement-liberal-arts-deep-springs-sheldon-jackson\/\"> <i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los Angeles Review of Books<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, college skepticism in the States is no longer a particularly partisan issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;Whether driven by rising tuition costs and student debt or ideological polarization on campus,&#8221; Bardelli and Schlosser observed, &#8220;a growing number of both Democratic and Republican voters have become less certain of the value of a four-year college education.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All this makes for tough ground to defend, and a climate that&#8217;s all too hospitable to reactionary explanation. It&#8217;s easy to imagine the institution\u2019s defense.<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> When kids can\u2019t afford the sticker price full-stop, how do we make the case for something like Black Studies? Always a precarious field, in a racist country?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And if you follow <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aggrieved line of thought, and accept the terms of debate set by the powers-that-be, how could you possibly forgive a person who appears to<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cheat <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">at the rigged game?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Goat, meet scape.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Guardian<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is right to perceive Arday in context. In July this side of the Atlantic, another Blackademic<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2026\/07\/10\/books\/kerri-greenidge-the-grimkes.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">came under fire<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> amidst plagiarism accusations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The historian Kerri Greenidge lost her job at Tufts University and had a book contract canceled after a peer review found several misattributions in her 2022 book, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Grimkes: The Legacy of Slavery in an American Family<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greenidge, an award-winning public historian, refuted all charges, and told the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New York Times<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that attacks on her scholarship were racially motivated. As in Arday&#8217;s case, online debate about the scholar&#8217;s alleged crimes quickly became unhinged before key details could be verified.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Presidential historian<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Alexis Coe argued in <a href=\"https:\/\/alexiscoe.substack.com\/p\/the-scandal-and-the-scale?utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;triedRedirect=truehttps:\/\/alexiscoe.substack.com\/p\/the-scandal-and-the-scale?utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;triedRedirect=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a recent newsletter<\/a> that it&#8217;s significant this shaky story was made public at all. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In her own defense, Greenidge pointed out that prominent white historians have been granted far more interpretive latitude than she received. And though this context does not prove racial discrimination was at work in her case, Coe argues \u201cit does make race and power legitimate subjects of inquiry rather than rude interruptions of a supposedly neutral process.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Coe also points out that the nature of Greenidge&#8217;s scholarship is relevant to the \u201csupposedly neutral\u201d process of her public shaming.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Grimkes, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greenidge explores &#8220;<\/span>how slavery\u2019s violence continued inside a family celebrated for transcending it.&#8221; Her take on the famous sisters &#8220;demonstrated how white feminist history manufactures usable ancestors&#8221; while considering &#8220;who must disappear to make them usable.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Like Coe, I&#8217;m of the opinion that readers deserve to see receipts for any project aspiring to history. But the target, the substance, and the timing here are hard to ignore.<\/p>\n<p>Though the jury&#8217;s still out on her case, you get the sense that someone&#8217;s won, when all accusations bend away from substance and back toward scandal. And it wasn&#8217;t the scholar, in this case.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guardian<\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> editors were more frank about the role racism played in Arday&#8217;s downfall. Though some accusations seem to hold water, the headline is his hounding in context. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;White academics are generally allowed to fail as individuals,&#8221; editors wrote.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black ones are not. Arday may have had questions to answer; that did not make black academics collectively answerable for him. A society committed to equality must allow black people the same freedom as everyone else: to be<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/garyyounge\/status\/2088359527657730223?s=20\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">flawed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, to make mistakes, and even to fail, without their failure becoming an indictment of their race.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Blackademic read this defense with a huge sigh. Because the words are so worn, so <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">obvious<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it feels like they could have been written fifty years ago. Which is precisely the trouble with accepting debate terms established by the racist country or institution in the first place.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re a Black scholar caught cheating the (rigged) system, somehow, you wind up having to defend your entire <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">humanity<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Instead of apologizing for a mistake.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">*<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plagiarism is an interesting charge for the unique moral taint it carries. As we see in cases like Arday&#8217;s or Greenidge&#8217;s, the very accusation often confers guilt. Burden of proof is reversed: you must prove yourself innocent to the peer review, the public opinion. Meanwhile, the charge of intellectual theft has often landed on the least powerful. And as Coe implies, that&#8217;s rarely a coincidence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/coreyrobin.com\/2026\/08\/10\/on-plagiarism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a recent newsletter<\/a>, the political theorist Corey Robin considered how the charge of plagiarism has been weaponized against what some of us never stopped calling &#8220;DEI hires.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;There are cases of plagiarism where people don\u2019t bat an eye or the person gets exonerated (the ones I am thinking of involve white men) and others where people, often of color, are brought down,&#8221; Robin noted.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like Coe, he is able to hold two ideas in head when it comes to untangling crime and context.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I am not\u2014I repeat, I am not\u2014saying that plagiarism is different if it\u2019s committed by a scholar of color or a white scholar; it\u2019s not, and it should be handled as the serious breach that it is. But I do think the cultural valence that gets provoked, disrupted, imbalanced, what have you, is different for scholars of color<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8230;plagiarism scandals provoke a similar crisis and discourse of authenticity in the context of scholars of color\u2014the idea being, essentially, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">you don\u2019t belong here in academia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And this, I fear, is the &#8220;lesson&#8221; too many will take from these unsettling stories, in this oh-so-unsettled time. Arday and Greenidge are distinct cases, distinct human beings. Who have also (and so easily!) been made into symbols. Ideological exhibits. Proof, for either side of a bad faith debate, that the invitation to the Ivory Tower is contingent for most of us.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We will talk about the ways they did or did not play crooked far longer than we\u2019ll talk about the way the game stays rigged.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This week, the British academy was rocked by a scandal that curdled into a tragedy. Jason Arday, a neurodivergent Black Cambridge professor who was feted as a wunderkind by some and denigrated as a fabulist by others, resigned earlier this<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17066,"featured_media":275934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[43102,6,43101,43092,43095],"tags":[10985,111835,35675,109224,7383,6105,37872,101522,60646,576,109227,111833,111845,1058,10264,111836,31017,111834],"class_list":["post-275871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biography","category-features","category-history","category-newsandculture","category-politics","tag-academia","tag-adjunct","tag-alexis-coe","tag-black-studies","tag-cambridge","tag-college","tag-corey-robin","tag-dei","tag-higher-ed","tag-history","tag-ivy-league","tag-jason-arday","tag-kerri-greenidge","tag-plagiarism","tag-scandal","tag-the-grimkes","tag-university","tag-woke-ideology"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19Lx","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Jason-Arday.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275871","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17066"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275871"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275871\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275934"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":275843,"date":"2026-08-19T06:41:55","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T10:41:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=275843"},"modified":"2026-08-19T07:00:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T11:00:25","slug":"the-submitters-on-the-literary-economy-of-unreadness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/the-submitters-on-the-literary-economy-of-unreadness\/","title":{"rendered":"The Submitters: On the Literary Economy of Unreadness"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>For the true beginner, there can be no end. From the moment they sit at the desk, the unemerged writer faces a step-by-step gauntlet of workshopping, applying, contesting; of liking screenshots of <em>Publishers Weekly<\/em> deals announcements, making astral connections between time periods, and writing sex scenes from a distant gender\u2019s point of view; it is a culture of fees, of Moleskines, and bios that read seriously, seriously, jokingly; of tips, tools, and works in progress in, one can only assume, sheds; of deadlines for floodgate submission periods and inboxes full of <em>L<\/em>\u2019s; of checks for $50 like birthday gifts from doting grandmothers (though no one calls to remind you to cash them); of sending out short fiction like so many state-fair-quality butternut squashes and banging out <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/culture\/jia-tolentino\/the-personal-essay-boom-is-over\">personal essays a decade after boom\u2019s end<\/a>. All that, and what to show for it, and what to tell?<\/p>\n<p>Among those ostensible first steps in the writing trade is to simultaneously storm the gates of literary agents, the subject of Laura McGrath\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/middlemen-literary-agents-and-the-making-of-american-fiction-laura-b-mcgrath\/df5cb73be04facb1\/?aid=132!\"><em>Middlemen<\/em><\/a>. It follows Dan Sinykin\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/big-fiction-how-conglomeration-changed-the-publishing-industry-and-american-literature-dan-sinykin\/e3e2be9daf78903e\/?aid=132!\"><em>Big Fiction<\/em><\/a>\u2014a history of the publishing conglomerate\u2014and elaborates on Mark McGurl\u2019s deathless <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/program-era-postwar-fiction-and-the-rise-of-creative-writing-associate-professor-mark-mcgurl\/a021f0e9c2c0b7f7\/?aid=132!\"><em>Program Era<\/em><\/a> (or, what little of \u201cMFA discourse\u201d makes actual reference to it) in describing clearly but with the occasional interesting verb our current literary economy. McGrath sees agents as a missing link, traders of \u201csymbolic capital,\u201d a split difference between market manipulators and keepers of the flame of tastefulness in an algorithmic world. Incidentally, <em>Middlemen<\/em> also makes a near pass, ever so close to an observation of the dark matter of books. The vast majority of contemporary literature is not in fact published but <em>submitted<\/em>. If, as Christian Lorenzen wrote, \u201cthe dominant literary style in America is careerism,\u201d then it\u2019s the writers without careers who are most responsible.<\/p>\n<p>We have only approximate measure of the slush. In <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/everything-and-less-the-novel-in-the-age-of-amazon-mark-mcgurl\/56d055ce82bf8dd8\/?aid=132!\"><em>Everything and Less<\/em><\/a>, his book on Amazon, McGurl faintly detects an \u201cunderlist, a vast ocean of inert literary content stored on the server at marginal cost.\u201d This anti-canon may or may not include samples attached to an estimated <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/mfa-by-the-numbers-on-the-eve-of-awp\/#:~:text=Number%20of%20MFA%20programs%20in,3%2C000\">20,000 annual applications to MFAs<\/a>, with acceptance rates plummeting below 2%\u2014nearly as discriminating as a no-name literary journal or a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/02\/23\/technology\/clarkesworld-submissions-ai-sci-fi.html\">deluged sci-fi magazine<\/a>. Add to that McGrath\u2019s conservative estimate of <a href=\"https:\/\/laurabmcgrath.substack.com\/p\/textcrunch-no-2-looking-inside-the?r=k17e&amp;utm_medium=ios&amp;triedRedirect=true\">15-17 million <\/a>full manuscripts in the slush piles of literary agencies, plus the 1.4 million new titles per year earning royalties via Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP). What is significant about these marginally publishable literary acts, these <em>ten pages in the body<\/em> (of the email), is not how they are read but their conspicuous unreadness. Merely implied in the familiar story of technological advance\u2014the speed and volume and \u201coverload\u201d of information\u2014is the correspondingly exponential increase in futility. Go forth and \u201cfind your voice,\u201d the Submitters were told. And so it was a million times found, and then promptly lost.<\/p>\n<p>In publishing, this futility is something of an open secret. Penguin Random House, largest seller of books, and most eager to sell them best, testified in court that the sales of only <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/08\/19\/books\/prh-penguin-random-house-trial.html\">4 percent<\/a> of its books effectively subsidized the rest. \u201cEverything is random in publishing,\u201d said CEO Markus Dohle, to serve his argument that a merger with Simon &amp; Schuster would hardly create a monopoly in, among other things, bookselling acumen. But the numbers back him up. According to BookScan, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/08\/19\/books\/prh-penguin-random-house-trial.html\">of the 3.2 million new titles of 2021<\/a>, fewer than 1 percent sold more than 5,000 copies. This reality jars somewhat against the narrative of a P&amp;L-fixated \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/life-inside-the-fiction-factory-dan-sinykin-on-conglomerate-publishing\/\">superorganism<\/a>\u201d that marshals its editors and marketers in the production of data-driven page-turners, a supposedly well-oiled machine built to dominate the bestseller list.<\/p>\n<p>A glance at that list tells a different story. Big-5 publishing has routinely dipped into the underlist for romantasy, fanfic, and film-adaptable sci-fi on personal websites\u2014books already technically published, with proven sales or downloads or likes on forums or communities or platforms that haphazardly systematize iterative plays on genre. (Ruby Dixon\u2019s self-pubbed Ice Planet Barbarians series\u2019 big blue sex aliens with <em>knots<\/em> are followed up by <em>Bull Moon Rising<\/em>\u2019s sex minotaurs\u2019 <em>ruts <\/em>from Ace, 2025, but both, for instance, have horns). On any given week,<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> half the <em>NYT<\/em> trade and hardcover fiction lists might emerge from this end-around traditional publishing, forcing agents and editors to pivot into the role of recruiters. This is publishing\u2019s adaptation of the gimmickry of modern culture industries: the ability to set aside the success of one\u2019s own product and still make on-time deliveries of shareholder profit. It should go without saying that if publishers were leveraging proprietary knowledge of what books their customers want to read, readers would be reading them. Two things can be true: that the business has been remorselessly optimized for sales, and the sellers are coming from outside the house.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pullquote\">Exclusion generates the prestige toward which unpaid labors strive.<\/p>\n<p>Once upon a time, the Crichtons and the Grishams ruled a mass market for books, and the literary novel thrived in its wake\u2014\u201chigh-cultural pluralism\u201d (McGurl\u2019s beautifully circumspect genre distinction) or \u201cbooks about race\u201d (McGrath\u2019s blunt assessment of the market for it); Knausg\u00e5rd, Cusk, and the unlikely household names of autofiction; the McCarthy western among fuzzy \u201cgenre hybrids\u201d \u2014a definition which <em>Middlemen<\/em> insightfully elides in proposing the lit agent\u2019s capricious taste as the precise locus of art and commerce (i.e. the \u201ccultural dislocation\u201d of super-agent Nicole Aragi\u2019s list). But the most influential literary genre is the one that clearly doesn\u2019t exist. \u201cMFA fiction\u201d\u2014ordered with extra solipsism by the CIA\u2014has made for eloquent and blistering pans, but serves primarily as a voodoo doll of the Iowa Writer\u2019s Workshop.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> Textbook examples of MFA style (\u201cWas it the woman in the lace-top thigh-highs, chemise wrap, or the Taylor strapless bra\u201d\u2014a character browsing the Victoria\u2019s Secret catalogue in Grover\u2019s piece from Noah Baumbach\u2019s <em>Kicking &amp; Screaming<\/em>) are vague enough to read as projections of anxiety about literature\u2019s unstreamable irrelevance, which academics and rank-and-file Submitters would prefer to attribute to guys in your MFA and publishers\u2019 aping of algorithmic data-ism, rather than face a <em>Road<\/em>esque apocalyptic landscape where publishers can\u2019t sell books, and literary agents gatekeep a mainstream that doesn\u2019t exist.<\/p>\n<p>What is listed in the last remaining book sections and shelved in the last remaining bookstores play their diminishing parts, but a structural theory of books culture is incomplete without accounting for the profound outnumbering of traditional publishing\u2019s successes by the pages upon pages of the Submitters\u2019 foiled ambitions: futility at scale. The compelling factor of the MFA era and conglomeration is not top-down mechanization\u2014in any case an overstatement of corporate competence\u2014but the bottom-up professionalization of writing that tried to meet it halfway, and <em>necessarily<\/em> failed to meet it there. Exclusion generates the prestige toward which unpaid labors strive.<\/p>\n<p>Sinykin argues that the contemporary author is themself a fiction, an industrial composite; and so is the failed author, who attempts to navigate a system that\u2019s not supposed to work so much as protract the emergent, extractive process for the aspirer and facilitate their art\u2019s contribution to its own obsolescence. The plight of the Submitter tracks with the paradox of the internet age: those same democratizing elements\u2014more MFA programs, more literary prizes, the publishing industry\u2019s belated commitments to diversity, reckless access to social media platforms where writers do freelance publicity for themselves \u2014lengthen the odds of the lottery by increasing the overall number of ticketholders, and tend to strengthen the hand of elite institutions. If college students are indeed struggling to read beyond the short excerpts of test prep, it seems plausible that books culture as we knew it could never reemerge. The age of the Submitters is here but, fittingly, might already be over. Everyone back in the pool.<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>Is writing work? The question sends books discourse into regular paroxysms. Rates are disclosed. Postings with a starting salary in NYC receive a measured response. Paeans to the dignity of the writing trade are juxtaposed with a tiered rejection from the <em>Coastal Nebraska Review<\/em> and calls for this nonprofit run out of a storage space on the Platte to increase its pay, however commendable, from the less-than-fair amount of fifty bucks.<\/p>\n<p>When a writer in workshop is told to \u201cearn\u201d plot contrivances in a short story, and revisions on a second draft are described as a particularly luckless rideshare shift, self-mythology is soon to follow. A real job is but a rite of passage, worked <em>instead<\/em>. The professional identity of \u201cwriter\u201d transcends a relatable protagonist\u2019s past as \u201cjust\u201d a waiter. To stave off this fate, today\u2019s working writers are \u201cproductive\u201d with their days spent in a rush to make aspirational word counts, and format the pitchdeck of self virtually required of them, all in service of an unworkable principle: to value their own work at precisely the time the market has priced that work at zero.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pullquote\">We hear there\u2019s a thing that can help us cheat. <em>Oh, wow, can it help us feel cheated too?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>A book manuscript is a dying houseplant, mistakenly fed words. It <em>is<\/em> a lot of work. Only, unlike most work, it most often comes to nothing. To insist on writing, then, according to McGurl, is to insist on \u201cdestroying time, the time it takes to write the books that will sit inertly as lines of code on a server.\u201d And yet, liberating writing from the capitalist ethic has its own value. Rather than a piece of writing dignified by money, the work of writing is dignified by a reader\u2019s time.<\/p>\n<p>Because work can always be done faster. As the force-feeding of words to LLMs seemed to put writers at existential risk, a clumsy line of defense was drawn: that there was something definitively unmistakable about human writing. The suspicious em dash\u2014and the easily disprovable notion that only AI used them\u2014was offered as a telltale sign. Updated arguments have proved no more workable: distinguishing our \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/culture\/the-weekend-essay\/why-ai-isnt-going-to-make-art\">choices<\/a>\u201d from theirs, or laboring to define bad writing with better writing. There is no way to define human writing in the abstract; it is the act of writing, the process, that cannot be properly replicated without hours upon years of destroyed time. The uncanniness, in the debris, of hearing one\u2019s own voice. Of, one could say, finding it. It is not as if the only question of literature is <em>Can one be fooled?<\/em> Which, of course, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/fault-lines\/can-ai-produce-writing-that-we-actually-want-to-read\">we can<\/a>. And so what? We hear there\u2019s a thing that can help us cheat. <em>Oh, wow, can it help us feel cheated too?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>There are very real representational problems with regard to realism, phones, and internet life\u2019s microwave instructions for rendering the literal ironic and the ironic literal. On the other hand, the constraints are phantoms: Big Data cliches, Balkanized audiences eating up cliched ethnography. The displacement of little magazines by Substack\u2019s incentives makes for a venue shortage, but the fracturing of audience is another abstraction, just as easily replaced by something more visceral: a popular revolt against runaway artifice and its adoption by corporate culture. If authenticity should be once more the high principle of culture, writers have a free hand to take up the mantle of universality\u2014however riddled with contradiction, false sentiment\u2014and write the social novel of the way we live now. The novel\u2019s real and true question\u2014\u201cWhat do you think about when you masturbate?\u201d\u2014rings eternal, propelling our narratives, compelling us to do the work of conscience.<\/p>\n<p>Though our words may amount to nothing but feed for the servers, our mere existence composes a letter to young Submitters, its message loud and not very clear: It doesn\u2019t matter who you are, it only matters what you have to say, or vice versa; be relentless, never quit; outline the plot, lose the plot, username, password, username, password. Believe in your novel, which you made up; vow revenge on the NEA. Make an unsolicited life for yourself\u2014make every which way you turn into a Wendy\u2019s. Take every last thing personally\u2014leave nothing to chance. If you have a short biographical statement to make, which is to say in 500 words connect who you are with near certain failure, state it now though the heavens fall. Username, password. To spend one\u2019s life at the desk is to sit with one\u2019s unlived lives; to make peace with destroyed time, to submit, submit, submit. In one of those lives unlived you are a writer; in one of those unlived lives you have heard a reply.<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Take the self-pub-starters of the <em>NYT<\/em> Paperback Trade Fiction list of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/books\/best-sellers\/2026\/05\/03\/trade-fiction-paperback\/\">May 3<\/a>, 2026: Andy Weir, whose first book, <em>The Martian<\/em>, was serialized on his personal website; Freida McFadden, who <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/06\/22\/books\/freida-mcfadden-thriller-best-seller.html\">self-published for a decade<\/a> before Netflix adapted <em>The Housemaid<\/em>; Matt Dinniman, popularizer of the \u201clitRPG\u201d genre, started out on a self-pub platform, then moved on to KDP, where SJ Tilly aims for a book a month; singer-songwriter and septuagenarian lawyer Allen Levi had already sold 150,000 copies of <em>Theo of Golden<\/em> himself before Simon &amp; Schuster bet they could sell at least a few more (37 weeks on the list, mostly atop it); and Navessa Allen straight-up posted chapters on Goodreads before signing on to Zando and PRH\u2019s arguably narrower distribution. Pointedly, none were discovered according to an agent\u2019s discriminating taste or molded by an editor into a font of commercial storytelling.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Graduates of Harvard, a prestigious college not in Boston but nearby, have 17 times the chance of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/who-gets-to-be-a-writer\/\">winning a literary prize<\/a>, but a degree from Iowa confers an edge to the tune of 49 times.<\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For the true beginner, there can be no end. From the moment they sit at the desk, the unemerged writer faces a step-by-step gauntlet of workshopping, applying, contesting; of liking screenshots of Publishers Weekly deals announcements, making astral connections between<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":143,"featured_media":275853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[43201,43069,6,43070,43092],"tags":[2120,111817,91128,111815,2126,72315,111816,3694,111818,4026,16005,108206],"class_list":["post-275843","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-book-news-newsandculture","category-craftandcriticism","category-features","category-literary-criticism","category-newsandculture","tag-amazon","tag-big-fiction","tag-dan-sinykin","tag-laura-mcgrath","tag-m-c-mah","tag-mark-mcgurl","tag-middlemen","tag-on-writing","tag-program-era","tag-publishing","tag-submissions","tag-the-business-of-writing"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19L5","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Untitled-design-2026-08-17T134757.480.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275843","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/143"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275843"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275843\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275843"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275843"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275843"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":275726,"date":"2026-08-19T06:41:50","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T10:41:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=275726"},"modified":"2026-08-19T07:06:39","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T11:06:39","slug":"did-smartphones-really-kill-reading","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/did-smartphones-really-kill-reading\/","title":{"rendered":"Did Smartphones Really Kill Reading?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Did smartphones kill reading? In <i>The Atlantic<\/i>, Rose Horowitch laments that \u201cThe Age of Reading is Over.\u201d We still, she observes, encounter many words, but increasingly find them in emails, text messages, Instagram captions, and other digital fragments rather than in books. This kind of reading tends to be brief and distracted, quite different from the focused attention encouraged by print.<\/p>\n<p>Modern readers may still be able to decode words, Horowitch argues, but they struggle to comprehend longer texts. Our society is not illiterate, but postliterate.<\/p>\n<p>It is tempting to blame smartphones for this condition and conclude that some kind of ban would solve the problem. But a historical perspective shows that this is not enough: reading was in decline before the smartphone appeared.<\/p>\n<p>In 1988, the literary critic George Steiner announced that \u201cthe age of the book\u201d was coming to \u201ca gradual end.\u201d Gradual is the key word here. Steiner believed the decline had begun in the 1950s, with the growth of radio, cinema, and television. The electronic media of the 1980s continued the transformation but did not initiate it.<\/p>\n<p>The data support Steiner\u2019s instinct. In 1976, more than 60 percent of American 12th-graders said they read a book or magazine for pleasure almost every day. From then on, the share declined by about one percentage point a year through the arrival of video games, personal computers, the internet, and smartphones. Forty years later, only 15 percent of high school students read for pleasure almost every day.<\/p>\n<p>The introduction of the internet and smartphones did not produce a sudden collapse of reading. Americans spent an average of 21.9 minutes a day reading for personal interest in 2003, compared with 18.3 minutes in 2010 and 16.2 minutes in 2025. These figures indicate no sudden break coinciding with the arrival of the iPhone, but a long, steady decline.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pullquote\">First, protect the printed book.<\/p>\n<p>Technology is part of the story, but not the whole story. What has eroded, more broadly, is the culture that once made reading part of everyday life. To understand how this happened\u2014and how it might be reversed\u2014we must take a longer historical view.<\/p>\n<p>Reading became a popular practice in the nineteenth century, thanks to a combination of material and social changes. Cheaper paper, steam-powered printing, compulsory education, and improved lighting made books accessible to millions. Libraries, churches, labor movements, literary societies, and reading circles gave people reasons to read and communities in which to do so. Together, these developments created a bookish culture.<\/p>\n<p>In nineteenth-century Paris, a visitor marveled at the widespread appetite for literature: \u201cEveryone, but women in particular, is carrying a book in their pocket. People read while riding in carriages or taking walks; they read at the theatre during the interval, in caf\u00e9s, even when bathing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The flourishing reading culture of this era was sustained by an entire ecosystem. If we wish to restore it, it will not be enough to remove one distracting device. Instead, we must rebuild the conditions that make concentrated reading possible. This requires at least three things.<\/p>\n<p>First, protect the printed book.<\/p>\n<p>The printed book is a technology built for attention. It presents the text without the competing demands of hyperlinks, videos, or notifications, allowing us to remain focused on the page. At the same time, the thickness of the book helps us gauge our location in the story or argument, and keeps us oriented by giving us a sense of how far we have travelled and how much remains. This materiality supports memory as well: we often remember where on a page we encountered something\u2014whether it was on the right or left, high or low.<\/p>\n<p>Digital devices can help us find information quickly, but print is better suited to focused reading. Schools therefore need to continue championing books, yet the trend has lately moved in the opposite direction. In 2022, the National Council of Teachers of English declared that it was time to \u201cdecenter book reading\u201d in order to address \u201cinequalities in digital technologies and competencies.\u201d But equity can be used as an argument in support of the opposite approach. Children who do not grow up surrounded by books depend on schools to introduce them to sustained reading. Like computers, printed books are a technology that must be learned.<\/p>\n<p>Second, we need spaces where reading is the norm.<\/p>\n<p>We often treat concentration as a private test of willpower. But attention is shaped by architecture, atmosphere, and social expectations. We behave differently in a library than in a shopping mall because rooms tell us what kinds of activity belong there.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pullquote\">Today, communal reading offers an example of how print and digital media can work in tandem to renew reading.<\/p>\n<p>Libraries, independent bookstores, schools, and caf\u00e9s can become what Steiner called \u201chouses of reading\u201d: places where silence, slowness, and absorption are not eccentric forms of behavior. In Norway, media scholar Espen Ytreberg introduced voluntary \u201cshut up and read\u201d sessions, in which students gather in rooms free from digital distractions and read silently together. There are also caf\u00e9s which ask customers to put away their phones. Such spaces create temporary refuges from the digital stream, and allow habits of slowness, concentration, and absorption to become socially reinforced.<\/p>\n<p>Third, make reading social again.<\/p>\n<p>The image of the reader is usually solitary: one person alone with a book. But throughout history, reading has repeatedly been renewed by communities. When the Dark Ages descended on the ancient world, Benedict of Nursia ignited a monastic revival that would establish thousands of monasteries and train generations of devoted readers. And in the nineteenth century, religious revivals, the labor movement, African American communities, and other popular movements organized circles that fused reading with collective action. Books mattered not only because they were read, but because people read them together.<\/p>\n<p>Today, communal reading offers an example of how print and digital media can work in tandem to renew reading. Online book clubs, fan sites, and discussion forums foster literary communities in which devoted readers not only discuss what they have read but also extend the stories through fan fiction. At the same time, some students have founded \u201cLuddite clubs,\u201d where digital devices are banned and members gather to read and converse.<\/p>\n<p>If we want reading to endure, tossing our smartphones into the nearest river will not be enough. Good readers are formed by a bookish culture, and it is this culture that we must try and rebuild. Reading will never survive as an individual act of heroic resistance; history shows that reading is and always has been a solitary act sustained by communities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\">__________________________________<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275744\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/did-smartphones-really-kill-reading\/reading-matters-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/reading-matters.avif\" data-orig-size=\"596,893\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"reading matters\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/reading-matters.avif\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275744 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/reading-matters-200x300.avif\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/reading-matters-200x300.avif 200w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/reading-matters-40x60.avif 40w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/reading-matters-33x50.avif 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/reading-matters.avif 596w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/reading-matters-a-history-for-the-digital-age-joel-halldorf\/1751bf1db629999e?ean=9781479840731&amp;bkshp-astro=t\">Reading Matters: A History for the Digital Age<\/a>\u00a0<em>by Joel Halldorf is available from NYU Press.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Did smartphones kill reading? In The Atlantic, Rose Horowitch laments that \u201cThe Age of Reading is Over.\u201d We still, she observes, encounter many words, but increasingly find them in emails, text messages, Instagram captions, and other digital fragments rather than<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30705,"featured_media":275745,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6,43092,43445],"tags":[10642,111020,30826,85998,168,111019,11975,5582],"class_list":["post-275726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-features","category-newsandculture","category-technology","tag-book-clubs","tag-joel-halldorf","tag-nyu-press","tag-printed-books","tag-reading","tag-reading-matters-a-history-for-the-digital-age","tag-smartphones","tag-technology"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19Jc","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/smartphones.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275726","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30705"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275726"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275726\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275726"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275726"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275726"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":275706,"date":"2026-08-19T06:40:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T10:40:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=275706"},"modified":"2026-08-19T06:55:18","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T10:55:18","slug":"on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/","title":{"rendered":"On Women and The Water Cure: Nine Memoirs About Wild Swimming"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cWild swimming\u201d is a term coined by British nature writer Roger Deakin in his cult classic <i>Waterlog: A Swimmer\u2019s Journey Through Britain<\/i> (1999), about his year swimming outdoors all over the UK. A paean to the joys of daily, year-round immersion in rivers, seas, ponds, and lakes<i>, <\/i>it sparked a nationwide cultural phenomenon with a catchy name, a society, a swim trip company, and an entire line of gear for changing onshore. As practiced in Britain and Ireland, wild swimming might more properly be termed \u201ccold-water bathing,\u201d since it can involve merely a few minutes of head-raised breaststroke in water temperatures ranging from heart-stopping to extremity-numbing (35-60\u00baF), clad in nothing but a swimsuit and a wooly hat. Most wild swimmers are not athletes training for an open-water event or even necessarily very proficient at swimming. They do it for wellbeing and connection, as a way of being in touch with the natural world and the seasons.<\/p>\n<p>In my UK childhood, I felt an ease in the water that I rarely did on land, though I never swam competitively. Early moves from England to Ireland to Nigeria and then back to England had left me feeling an irremediable outsider. In water\u2019s reassuring embrace, however, I felt confident and at home. Swimming (both indoors and out) is a practice I\u2019ve carried with me as I\u2019ve triangulated my life between the US, Spain, and the UK. As I wrote my memoir <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/unbelonging-a-life-in-search-of-home-catherine-jagoe\/953e1a4767dd7fd0?ean=9780299357948&amp;next=t\"><i>Unbelonging: A Life in Search of Home<\/i><\/a>, I was surprised to find how often I drew on memories of swimming. Water has been the translucent thread that runs through my transnational life, connecting me more deeply with place while reminding me of the fluid borders of the self.<\/p>\n<p>The UK\u2019s Outdoor Swimming Society, founded in 2006, initially boasted 300 members, but now numbers over 200,000. Intriguingly, the Society found in a 2023 survey that roughly three-quarters of its members are women. Over the last ten years, there have been a spate of memoirs about wild swimming penned by women around the UK and Ireland, many of which appeared in 2017, meaning they must have all been written concurrently. These narratives portray open-water swimming not as heroism but as healing and empowerment. Their authors swim for the interior journey, to commune with a place and the elements, with other women, and their own bodies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275709\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/the-outrun-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-outrun-1.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"600,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"the outrun\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-outrun-1.jpeg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275709 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-outrun-1-200x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-outrun-1-200x300.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-outrun-1-40x60.jpeg 40w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-outrun-1-33x50.jpeg 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-outrun-1.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Amy Liptrot, <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/the-outrun-a-memoir-amy-liptrot\/514edaa50ea99b46?ean=9780393355598&amp;next=t\"><i>The Outrun: A Memoir<\/i><\/a><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Amy Liptrot\u2019s raw, luminous memoir about moving back to the Orkney Islands and striving to heal from drug abuse and alcoholism became a surprise bestseller after its publication in 2016. The bleakness of those far northern isles, the punishing, incessant wind, the wild beauty of the land and rugged coastline are unforgettably conjured alongside her inner struggle to stay sober. Late in the book, she joins the mostly-female Orkney Polar Bears for their convivial Saturday dips in the gelid seas off the islands. Along with walking, farm chores, and birding, her wild swims become an essential component of her recovery, each dip leaving her exhilarated, \u201creborn and very alive\u201d. In the water, she experiences a sense of elemental, existential connection, a sort of spiritual dissolving. Sea swims don\u2019t magically cure the narrator, but they provide the container for healing to occur over time, gentling the existential ache of not-belonging that underlay her addictions.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275710\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/swimming-with-seals\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swimming-with-seals.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"600,921\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"swimming with seals\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swimming-with-seals.jpeg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275710 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swimming-with-seals-195x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"195\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swimming-with-seals-195x300.jpeg 195w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swimming-with-seals-39x60.jpeg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swimming-with-seals-33x50.jpeg 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swimming-with-seals.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 195px) 100vw, 195px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Victoria Whitworth, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/swimming-with-seals-victoria-whitworth\/b714b1991454a249?ean=9781838937447&amp;next=t\">Swimming With Seals<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Novelist and academic Victoria Whitworth lived on Orkney at the same time as Liptrot and swam alone daily as well as with the Orkney Polar Bears. She interweaves lyrical snapshots of her wild swims with discussions of local history, myth, folklore and archeology, braiding in memories of growing up in Kenya, her struggle with crippling pain due to plantar fasciitis, and glancing references to \u201cthe slow-motion misery of a failing marriage.\u201d The narrative is punctuated by prose-poems about the water conditions during her swims, which varied enormously from day to day and month to month, sometimes exquisite, sometimes terrifying. She prefers to swim at dawn or dusk, with no wetsuit separating her from the water. By the end of the book, she writes, \u201c[s]wimming in the sea has helped me rediscover myself \u2026 made me understand the strengths of my body, as well as its limits. It has been fundamental in healing my feet, but, more than that, it has allowed me to fall in love with being embodied all over again. With being alive.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275711\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/turning\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/turning.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"258,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"turning\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/turning.jpeg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275711 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/turning-194x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"194\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/turning-194x300.jpeg 194w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/turning-39x60.jpeg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/turning-32x50.jpeg 32w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/turning.jpeg 258w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Jessica J. Lee, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/turning-a-year-in-the-water-jessica-j-lee\/fbd0551865e79077?ean=9780735233287&amp;next=t\">Turning: A Year in the Water<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jessica J. Lee\u2019s first book <i>Turning<\/i> gained her international recognition as a writer who explores themes of multinational identity, migration, language, and environmental history. Seamlessly blending lyrical memoir, science writing and travelogue, <i>Turning<\/i> covers her first year in Berlin. In the grip of depression, repeated displacement (she is British-Canadian-Taiwanese), and a broken heart, she decides to swim in a different lake every week for a year. The book is notable for its intellectual depth and evocative descriptions of finding and entering the many lakes, as well as the vivid sensory impressions of swimming in each different location. In January, she carries a hammer as all the lakes are frozen, and risks hypothermia by submerging in them alone. As well as the agony of cold, she documents its after-effect of intense elation, a high many wild swimmers come to crave.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275712\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/swell\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1303,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"swell\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell-667x1024.jpeg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275712 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell-195x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"195\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell-195x300.jpeg 195w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell-667x1024.jpeg 667w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell-768x1179.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell-39x60.jpeg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell-1001x1536.jpeg 1001w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell-33x50.jpeg 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/swell.jpeg 1303w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 195px) 100vw, 195px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Jenny Landreth, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.barnesandnoble.com\/w\/swell-jenny-landreth\/1128564256\"><i>Swell: A Waterbiography<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jenny Landreth invented a fantastic punning term for the emerging genre in her subtitle, \u201ca waterbiography.\u201d She provides a wealth of social and historical context, braiding her own evolving experience of swimming with the history of women\u2019s two-hundred-year struggle for parity of access to public waters and mixed bathing. She deflates the male Swimmer as Hero trope by stressing her distinctly unheroic learning process: \u201cI could maybe manage two or three widths, but I still swum in a U-shape and I still didn\u2019t get my hair wet.\u201d Even though her memoir begins by stressing her incompetence, it ends by affirming the pleasure and confidence open-water swimming bestows on her in middle age.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275713\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/at-the-pond\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1553,2339\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"at the pond\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond-680x1024.jpeg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-275713 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond-199x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond-199x300.jpeg 199w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond-680x1024.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond-768x1157.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond-40x60.jpeg 40w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond-1020x1536.jpeg 1020w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond-1360x2048.jpeg 1360w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond-33x50.jpeg 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/at-the-pond.jpeg 1553w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dauntbookspublishing.co.uk\/book\/at-the-pond-swimming-at-the-hampstead-ladies-pond\/\"><i>At the Pond: Swimming at the Hampstead Ladies\u2019 Pond<\/i><\/a> edited by Deborah Moggach\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Opened in 1926, the women-only pond on Hampstead Heath is a beloved London institution. All the essays collected here are by writers who happen to swim, rather than swimmers who happen to write, including luminaries like Margaret Drabble, Esther Freud, and Leanne Shapton. Organized by season, the pieces vividly evoke the women\u2019s experiences of the water at different times of year. \u201cThe water is silky,\u201d Lou Stoppard writes about winter. \u201cIt\u2019s thicker than other water. It sticks to the skin, laps your body and holds you, suspended. You cut through it, as if stirring cream.\u201d Some offer heartwarming stories of how swimming there helped them through difficult periods, provided community and continuity, and reconnected them to their bodies and the more-than-human world. Others explore the history and geography of the ponds and the Heath, and the social worlds of the swimmers and their circles.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275714\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/the-green-hill\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-green-hill.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"400,643\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"the green hill\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-green-hill.jpeg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275714 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-green-hill-187x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"187\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-green-hill-187x300.jpeg 187w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-green-hill-37x60.jpeg 37w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-green-hill-31x50.jpeg 31w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-green-hill.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 187px) 100vw, 187px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Sophie Pierce, <a href=\"https:\/\/wiltonsquarebooks.com\/products\/the-green-hill\"><i>The Green Hill: Letters to a Son<\/i><\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Pierce, who has since co-authored five regional wild swimming guides about Devon and Cornwall, lost her twenty-year-old son suddenly and unexpectedly in 2017. In the agonizing years after his death, she composed letters to him during walks and swims, a practice of active mourning in places they had enjoyed together. These form the spine of the book, interwoven with descriptions of swims of varying lengths in a very wide range of locales\u2014rivers, waterfalls, ponds, different coves and beaches, each different and beautifully captured for the reader. Over a five-year period, we witness her emerge from utter devastation to a more-bearable form of grief.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275715\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/the-tidal-year\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-tidal-year.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"814,1250\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"the tidal year\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-tidal-year-667x1024.jpeg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-275715 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-tidal-year-195x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"195\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-tidal-year-195x300.jpeg 195w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-tidal-year-667x1024.jpeg 667w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-tidal-year-768x1179.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-tidal-year-39x60.jpeg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-tidal-year-33x50.jpeg 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-tidal-year.jpeg 814w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 195px) 100vw, 195px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Freya Bromley, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hachette.co.uk\/titles\/freya-bromley\/the-tidal-year\/9781399709699\/\"><i>The Tidal Year: A Memoir on Grief, Swimming, and Sisterhood<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Grieving and adrift in the aftermath of her teenage brother\u2019s death from bone cancer, Bromley embarks on a year-long quest to swim every tidal pool in mainland Britain in a year with her friend Miri. Tidal pools are deep hollows in the rock that fill with seawater on an ebb tide, offering \u201cthe ability of enjoy the salt of the sea in a safe watery cradle,\u201d ideal for swimmers who don\u2019t want to brave the dangers of the open ocean. Descriptions of the dozens of beautiful (and occasionally disappointing) locations they visit are inspiring, and the swimming-induced self-discovery and the solace of female friendship create a redemptive arc.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275716\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/glimmering\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/glimmering.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"389,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"glimmering\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/glimmering.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275716 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/glimmering-195x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"195\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/glimmering-195x300.jpg 195w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/glimmering-39x60.jpg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/glimmering-32x50.jpg 32w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/glimmering.jpg 389w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 195px) 100vw, 195px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Megan Hayes, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.serenbooks.com\/product\/glimmering-paperback\/\"><i>Glimmering: Healing in Twenty-One Wild Swims<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hayes suffered unspecified childhood trauma and is, at the outset of the book, in a damaging relationship with a manipulative, sex-addicted boyfriend. Her wild swims at beautiful spots in Wales and around the world offer well-being and safety in \u201cglimmers,\u201d the term coined by trauma specialist Deb Dana for \u201cmoments of regulation and connection.\u201d Hayes\u2019 memoir stresses the redemptive power of nature as an antidote to suffering and a way to build emotional resilience.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\">__________________________________<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275717\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/unbelonging\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/unbelonging.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"900,1350\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"unbelonging\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/unbelonging-683x1024.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275717 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/unbelonging-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/unbelonging-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/unbelonging-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/unbelonging-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/unbelonging-40x60.jpg 40w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/unbelonging-33x50.jpg 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/unbelonging.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/uwpress.wisc.edu\/Books\/U\/Unbelonging\">Unbelonging<\/a>\u00a0<em>by Catherine Jagoe is available from University of Wisconsin Press.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cWild swimming\u201d is a term coined by British nature writer Roger Deakin in his cult classic Waterlog: A Swimmer\u2019s Journey Through Britain (1999), about his year swimming outdoors all over the UK. A paean to the joys of daily, year-round<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31654,"featured_media":275718,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6,43287,43103,43231,43092,43135],"tags":[26368,111750,111759,111751,111754,111757,111748,58640,111756,111752,111749,71733,111753,111746,111755,111747,111758,71734],"class_list":["post-275706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-features","category-health","category-memoir","category-nature","category-newsandculture","category-readinglists","tag-amy-liptrot","tag-at-the-pond-swimming-at-the-hampstead-ladies-pond","tag-catherine-jagoe","tag-deborah-moggach","tag-freya-bromley","tag-glimmering-healing-in-twenty-one-wild-swims","tag-jenny-landreth","tag-jessica-j-lee","tag-megan-hayes","tag-sophie-pierce","tag-swell-a-waterbiography","tag-swimming-with-seals","tag-the-green-hill-letters-to-a-son","tag-the-outrun-a-memoir","tag-the-tidal-year-a-memoir-on-grief-swimming-and-sisterhood","tag-turning-a-year-in-the-water","tag-unbelonging","tag-victoria-whitworth"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19IS","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/wild-swimming.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31654"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275706"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275706\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":275888,"date":"2026-08-19T06:30:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T10:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=275888"},"modified":"2026-08-19T09:05:03","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T13:05:03","slug":"lit-hub-daily-august-19-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/lit-hub-daily-august-19-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Lit Hub Daily: August 19, 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"caption\"> TODAY: In 1631, John Dryden, England&#8217;s first poet laureate, is born. <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>How environmentalism shows up <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/how-ursula-k-le-guin-channeled-her-environmentalism-into-fiction\">in Ursula K. Le Guin&#8217;s fiction<\/a>. | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/craftandcriticism\/literary-criticism\/\">Criticism<\/a><\/li>\n<li>&#8220;The vast majority of contemporary literature is not in fact published but <em>submitted<\/em>.&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/the-submitters-on-the-literary-economy-of-unreadness\">On publishing, careerism, and Laura McGrath\u2019s <em>Middlemen<\/em><\/a><em>.\u00a0<\/em>| Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/craftandcriticism\/craft-and-advice\/\">Craft<\/a><\/li>\n<li>How the tragedy of Jason Arday reflects <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/how-accusations-against-black-academics-point-to-the-real-end-of-woke-1-0\/\">a rigged game for today\u2019s Black scholars<\/a>. | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/newsandculture\/politics\/\">Politics<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Catherine Jagoe <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-women-and-the-water-cure-nine-memoirs-about-wild-swimming\/\">recommends memoirs about wild swimming by<\/a> Amy Liptrot, Sophie Pierce, Megan Hayes, and more. | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/readinglists\/\">Reading Lists<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Did smartphones really kill reading? <a href=\"http:\/\/lithub.com\/did-smartphones-really-kill-reading\">Or was it already in decline?<\/a> | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/newsandculture\/technology\/\">Technology<\/a><\/li>\n<li>These 11 books by Tove Jansson, Katie Kitamura, Ntozake Shange, and more <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\">follow women who rewrote life and art<\/a>. | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/readinglists\/\">Reading Lists<\/a><\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Dusk fell in the shed, no wind, but the weather clearing. She split some logs, breathed in the scent.&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/range\">Read from Dorthe Nors&#8217;s novel <em>Range<\/em><\/a>, translated by Caroline Waight. | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/fictionandpoetry\/from-the-novel\/\">Fiction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Take a(n illustrated) stroll through <a href=\"https:\/\/orionmagazine.org\/article\/the-lost-vocabulary-of-whaling\/\">the lost vocabulary of whaling<\/a>, from greasy luck to blubber room. | Orion<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.poetryfoundation.org\/articles\/1820031\/the-truth-is-in-the-detail\">Lucy Ives presents a theory of Paul Celan<\/a>: \u201cHere is a wild proposition, then: Celan didn\u2019t write in any language\u2026he was writing in between languages.\u201d | Poetry<\/li>\n<li>Nuncore is upon us: Paul Michael Johnson considers the new books, music, and other pieces of art and media <a href=\"https:\/\/www.publicbooks.org\/can-centuries-old-nuns-really-save-us-from-ourselves\/\">fueling the culture\u2019s fixation on nuns<\/a>. | Public Books<\/li>\n<li>Will we ever know if <i>Life of M<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thecut.com\/article\/is-rachel-cusk-new-book-really-about-natalie-portman.html\">is about Natalie Portman?<\/a> | The Cut<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedial.world\/articles\/news\/why-read-science-fiction\">How science fiction writers imagine different, better worlds<\/a> by \u201dstraining at the bounds of the possible.\u201d | The Dial<\/li>\n<li>Anthropic\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.404media.co\/anthropics-text-watermarking-proves-ai-companies-do-not-care-at-all-about-writing\/\">watermark for text generated by Claude<\/a> \u201cwill not be distinguishable to readers.\u201d That\u2019s code for \u201ccompletely useless.\u201d | 404 Media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How environmentalism shows up in Ursula K. Le Guin&#8217;s fiction. | Lit Hub Criticism &#8220;The vast majority of contemporary literature is not in fact published but submitted.&#8221; On publishing, careerism, and Laura McGrath\u2019s Middlemen.\u00a0| Lit Hub Craft How the tragedy<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":275889,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[45236],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-275888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lit-hub-daily"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19LO","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/JohnDryden.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275888"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275888\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":275787,"date":"2026-08-19T06:03:50","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T10:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=275787"},"modified":"2026-08-19T07:04:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T11:04:52","slug":"11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/","title":{"rendered":"11 Books About Women Who Rewrote Life and Art"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I\u2019ve been on the hunt for books by women for as long as I can remember. My favorite stories are usually not romances, but stories of women trying to make sense of how they can be the main characters in their own lives, even when people around them keep relegating them to supporting roles. In high school in Seattle, I would get off the bus a few stops early to comb the shelves of B. Bailey Books. I was on the hunt for new books with that distinctive dark green Virago spine, ravenous for stories of women\u2019s lives. I devoured Antonia White\u2019s <i>Frost in May<\/i>, a spectacular story about an unhappy schoolgirl, and was undone by Radclyffe Hall\u2019s <i>The Unlit Lamp<\/i>\u2014a devastatingly intense story of having a crush on a teacher.<\/p>\n<p>As I worked on my book, <i>Her Own Voice: Eight Women Who Rewrote Life and Art <\/i>(Beacon 2026), I kept track of books that echoed my book\u2019s themes and resonated with the ideas and preoccupations of the women I was focusing on. My eight women are divided into wanderers, rebels, explorers, and mentors. These broad themes stretch us outside the confines of looking for an appropriate spouse. The books below expand our ideas of what a woman\u2019s life can be and narratives can do. Here, then, are some books that help continue these themes in a different voice.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><i>WANDERERS<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275788\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/the-summer-book-3\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-summer-book.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"250,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"the summer book\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-summer-book.jpeg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275788 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-summer-book-188x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-summer-book-188x300.jpeg 188w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-summer-book-38x60.jpeg 38w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-summer-book-31x50.jpeg 31w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-summer-book.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tove Jansson,<a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/the-summer-book-tove-jansson\/183c66dfaf39c4e0?ean=9781590172681&amp;bkshp-astro=t\"><i> The Summer Book<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The children\u2019s book author Margaret Wise Brown, one of the women I write about, divided her life between New York City and an island in Maine. Brown loved her summers on an island off the coast of Maine nearly as much as the Finnish-Swedish Tove Jannson, creator of the Moomin stories, loved her time in the islands off the Swedish coast. It\u2019s lovely to spend some time in Jansson\u2019s imagination, swimming in the cold water, enjoying long summer days, watching for the mail boat to come. This book is a northern island vacation between two covers.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275789\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/kairos-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/kairos.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,890\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"kairos\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/kairos.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275789 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/kairos-202x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/kairos-202x300.jpg 202w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/kairos-40x60.jpg 40w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/kairos-34x50.jpg 34w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/kairos.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 202px) 100vw, 202px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Jenny Erpenbeck, <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/kairos-jenny-erpenbeck\/66f5e3194c8f8b86?ean=9780811238533&amp;bkshp-astro=t\"><em>Kairos<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Born and raised in the former East Germany, Erpenbeck writes beautifully of the strangeness of living in the before and after of a divided Germany. This novel tells the story of an age-gap relationship from the perspective of the young woman who embarks on an affair with a married man with open eyes and a clear sense of why this is what she wants. In this, Erpenbeck\u2019s heroine\u2019s desire\u2014for sex and experience\u2014resonates with another of my subjects, Eileen Chang, whose stories of love affairs conducted during the Chinese Civil War are similarly unembarrassed to depict what it is to be a woman with desire. Both Chang and Erpenbeck are unflinching in chronicling the specific, mundane precautions necessary to lovers under surveillance.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><i>REBELS<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275790\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/intimacies-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/intimacies.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"600,936\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"intimacies\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/intimacies.jpeg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-275790 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/intimacies-192x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"192\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/intimacies-192x300.jpeg 192w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/intimacies-38x60.jpeg 38w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/intimacies-32x50.jpeg 32w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/intimacies.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Katie Kitamura,<a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/intimacies-katie-kitamura\/2119de9e8b00a41b?ean=9780399576171&amp;bkshp-astro=t\"><i> Intimacies<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vera Brittain\u2019s <i>Testament of Youth<\/i> comes to the admission of the many traumas she suffered as a nurse in World War One only gradually. She recounts her bravery and her determination and only after the war can she admit how grief stricken, tired, and disheartened she has become. Similarly, Kitamura\u2019s unnamed protagonist only gradually shares the traumas she suffers as a translator at the International Court of Justice in the Hague. Her job is to translate, not to think, edit, or opine. Thus, every workday she sits and speaks the words of a notorious and evil ex-president, a man who has committed horrific war crimes. Having those atrocities, and his denials, spoken into her headphones, has a powerful effect. These are women who put themselves in danger, live in denial, and only belatedly reckon with the cost of their choices. The elegance and restraint of Brittain and Kitamura\u2019s narratives intensify the unfolding impact.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275791\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/days-of-afrekete\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/days-of-afrekete.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,928\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"days of afrekete\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/days-of-afrekete.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275791 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/days-of-afrekete-194x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"194\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/days-of-afrekete-194x300.jpg 194w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/days-of-afrekete-39x60.jpg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/days-of-afrekete-32x50.jpg 32w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/days-of-afrekete.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Asali Solomon, <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/the-days-of-afrekete-a-novel-asali-solomon\/2d847a9af0c803fd?ean=9781250858832&amp;bkshp-astro=t\"><em>Days of Afrekete<\/em><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Asali Solomon\u2019s novel spends much of its narrative looking back to the protagonist Liselle\u2019s long-ago relationship with her ex-girlfriend. It\u2019s a surprising and defensive act as Liselle, who is Black, is giving a dinner party on the eve of her white husband\u2019s political downfall. The tension, the uncertainty, the hovering between bravery and cowardice captures some of what fascinated me in Muriel Rukeyser\u2019s novel <i>Savage Coast<\/i>. Usually, Rukeyser is utterly fearless, but I find it so heartening to read about the moments of hesitation right before being brave, something both Solomon and Rukeyser beautifully convey. <i>Days of Afrekete<\/i> is also a riff on Virginia Woolf\u2019s <i>Mrs. Dalloway<\/i>\u2014another single day novel about a rich woman throwing a dinner party. Rukeyser admired Woolf and mentored young Black writers, including Alice Walker, so the connections between Rukeyser, Woolf, and Solomon are rich.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><i>EXPLORERS<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275793\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/the-time-of-doves-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-time-of-doves-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,965\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"the time of doves\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-time-of-doves-1.jpg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-275793 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-time-of-doves-1-187x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"187\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-time-of-doves-1-187x300.jpg 187w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-time-of-doves-1-37x60.jpg 37w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-time-of-doves-1-31x50.jpg 31w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the-time-of-doves-1.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 187px) 100vw, 187px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Merc\u00e8 Rodoreda,<a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/the-time-of-the-doves-merc-rodoreda\/a910423fb1a36668?ean=9780915308750&amp;bkshp-astro=t\"><i> The Time of the Doves (La pla\u00e7a del Diamant)<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A clear-eyed, unsentimental realist in her life, Sylvia Townsend Warner excelled at depicting people helplessly caught in the larger forces of history. The great Catalan writer Merc\u00e8 Rodoreda was forced into exile during the Spanish Civil War. Living in France as a refugee, she was so poor so busy with menial work that she could not write for years. When she returned to writing, she told this story of a young shop girl whose husband decides, as the Civil War breaks out, to keep pigeons on the roof of their cramped apartment. Plagued by pigeon droppings and unclear why her husband has left (to fight with the Republicans in the mountains outside Barcelona), Colometa has to feed her children without money and figure out her life and her place in it with little help from anyone.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275798\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/for-colored-girls\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/for-colored-girls.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,914\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"for colored girls\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/for-colored-girls.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275798 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/for-colored-girls-197x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/for-colored-girls-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/for-colored-girls-39x60.jpg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/for-colored-girls-33x50.jpg 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/for-colored-girls.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Ntozake Shange, <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/for-colored-girls-who-have-considered-suicide-when-the-rainbow-is-enuf-ntozake-shange\/9ed0300f3fa2bfb7?ean=9780684843261&amp;bkshp-astro=t\"><i>for colored girls who have considered suicide when the rainbow is enuf<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Jamaican poet, playwright, editor, journalist, and broadcaster Una Marson would have delighted in the abundance of Shange\u2019s classic play. This set of interlocking monologues of Black womanhood speaks vividly and fully the the richness of Black women\u2019s experience. When I was growing up, this was constantly performed in repertory theaters, at colleges, and high schools. I\u2019ve started teaching it again, and my students find it revelatory. In her poems, Marson gives voice to many moods of the Jamaican diaspora. Shange\u2019s multivocal choreopoem is a fitting successor to that voice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><i>MENTORS<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275799\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/an-illuminated-life\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/an-illuminated-life.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,912\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"an illuminated life\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/an-illuminated-life.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275799 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/an-illuminated-life-197x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/an-illuminated-life-197x300.jpg 197w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/an-illuminated-life-39x60.jpg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/an-illuminated-life-33x50.jpg 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/an-illuminated-life.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Heidi Ardizzione,<a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/an-illuminated-life-belle-da-costa-greene-s-journey-from-prejudice-to-privilege-heidi-ardizzone-ph-d\/c024d86659e13016?ean=9781324021643&amp;bkshp-astro=t\"><i> An Illuminated Life<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jessie Redmon Fauset could not have passed for white, nor did she want to, but in her novels, she often reflected on the cruel asymmetries of the color line. In <i>Plum Bun<\/i>, Angela changes her name to Ang\u00e8le and moves to New York to take the painting classes she is barred from attending in Philadelphia. The opportunities for a white woman were slender in the early 20th century, but those for a Black woman were vanishingly small. Belle Da Costa Greene, the daughter of Richard T. Greener, one of the first Black graduates of Harvard, considered her options and chose to live as white. As Belle Greene (no longer Greener), she became J. P. Morgan\u2019s librarian and one of the world\u2019s experts in rare books, especially medieval manuscripts and early printed materials. Greene balanced her career with loyalty to her family and love affairs. Heidi Ardizzione\u2019s biography is a dishy story of a life richly lived.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275800\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/eves-hollywood\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eves-hollywood.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"eve&amp;#8217;s hollywood\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eves-hollywood.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275800 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eves-hollywood-188x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eves-hollywood-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eves-hollywood-38x60.jpg 38w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eves-hollywood-31x50.jpg 31w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/eves-hollywood.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Eve Babitz,<a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/eve-s-hollywood-eve-babitz\/5784f14fa15ee00c?ean=9781590178904&amp;bkshp-astro=t\"><i> Eve\u2019s Hollywood<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hollywood adores a cool surface, but it attracts messy larger-than-life charismatic characters, people who constantly exceed the bounds of the screen with their drama. Lili Anolik is on to something in contrasting messy, warm Eve Babitz with the forever cool Joan Didion as she does in Didion and Babitz. Director Dorothy Arzner would seem to be a Didion, with her hair as thick and controlled as a Fuller brush and her tailored skirt suits. But that misses the delight Arzner took in her stars and in the backlot drama of the studios. Eve\u2019s Hollywood, gossipy and full of anecdote captures a more recent version of the conversations Arzner used to overhear at her father\u2019s Hollywood restaurant.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><i>BONUS TRACK\u00a0<\/i><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275801\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/moments-of-being\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/moments-of-being.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,905\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"moments of being\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/moments-of-being.jpg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275801 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/moments-of-being-199x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"199\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/moments-of-being-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/moments-of-being-40x60.jpg 40w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/moments-of-being-33x50.jpg 33w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/moments-of-being.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Virginia Woolf,<a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/moments-of-being-the-virginia-woolf-library-authorized-edition-virginia-woolf\/3a082d0c992a2740?ean=9780156619189&amp;bkshp-astro=t\"><i> Moments of Being<\/i><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Woolf died with this autobiography incomplete, but it is a treasure and a delight. A collection of essays written at several stages of her life, the longest piece, \u201cA Sketch of the Past,\u201d blends real-time reports on the unfolding of the Blitzkrieg in London with her memories of childhood. It\u2019s one of the most intimate and moving ways to get a sense of Woolf the person. Her memories are sharp and rich in detail and she does not shy away from the many losses of her childhood. (Her mother died when she was thirteen.) Nor does she omit the abuse she suffered at the hands of her half-brothers. This is a survivor\u2019s story and a meditation on memory.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\">__________________________________<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275802\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/11-books-about-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art\/her-own-voice\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/her-own-voice.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"600,928\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"her own voice\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/her-own-voice.jpeg\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-275802 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/her-own-voice-194x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"194\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/her-own-voice-194x300.jpeg 194w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/her-own-voice-39x60.jpeg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/her-own-voice-32x50.jpeg 32w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/her-own-voice.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/p\/books\/her-own-voice-eight-women-who-rewrote-life-and-art-anne-e-fernald\/215a7d975771d9f9?ean=9780807021330&amp;bkshp-astro=t\">Her Own Voice: Eight Women Who Rewrote Life and Art<\/a>\u00a0<em>by Anne E. Fernald is available from Beacon Press.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I\u2019ve been on the hunt for books by women for as long as I can remember. My favorite stories are usually not romances, but stories of women trying to make sense of how they can be the main characters in<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31689,"featured_media":275803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6,43101,43070,43092,43095,43135],"tags":[111798,111800,2355,17789,111795,9918,9917,10071,111797,111799,69869,23302,25715,16957,7815,100622,10072,84047,111796,39380,659],"class_list":["post-275787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-features","category-history","category-literary-criticism","category-newsandculture","category-politics","category-readinglists","tag-an-illuminated-life","tag-anne-e-fernauld","tag-asali-solomon","tag-beacon-press","tag-days-of-afrekete","tag-eve-babitz","tag-eves-hollywood","tag-for-colored-girls-who-have-considered-suicide-when-the-rainbow-is-enuf","tag-heidi-ardizzione","tag-her-own-voice","tag-intimacies","tag-jenny-erpenbeck","tag-kairos","tag-katie-kitamura","tag-merce-rodoreda","tag-moments-of-being","tag-ntozake-shange","tag-the-summer-book","tag-the-time-of-the-doves-la-placa-del-diamant","tag-tove-jansson","tag-virginia-woolf"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19Kb","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/womens-voices.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31689"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275787"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275787\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":275850,"date":"2026-08-18T06:30:21","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T10:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=275850"},"modified":"2026-08-18T09:37:32","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T13:37:32","slug":"lit-hub-daily-august-18-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/lit-hub-daily-august-18-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"Lit Hub Daily: August 18, 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<span class=\"caption\"> TODAY: In 1958, <em>Lolita<\/em> is published in the United States. <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li>What <em>Buffy the Vampire Slayer<\/em> and <em>Angel<\/em> can teach us <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\">about grief, literature, and growing up<\/a>. | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/newsandculture\/film-and-tv\/\">TV<\/a><\/li>\n<li><span class=\"byline\"><span class=\"byline\">Florence Hazrat explores <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-that-disgraceful-disreputable-wonderful-form-of-punctuation-the-parenthesis\/\">the surprisingly controversial history of <\/a><\/span><\/span>the parenthesis. | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/newsandculture\/history\/\">History<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Edwidge Danticat tells us <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/edwidge-danticat-wishes-her-former-english-teachers-would-read-her-work\">why she wishes her former teachers would read her work<\/a> and answers more of our questions about literary life. | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/craftandcriticism\/craft-and-advice\/\">Craft<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/joby-warrick-latoya-watkins-katy-simpson-smith-and-more-20-new-books-out-today\">The 20 new books out today<\/a> include titles by Joby Warrick, LaToya Watkins, Katy Simpson Smith, and more! | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/readinglists\/\">Reading Lists<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/chiang-rae-lee-on-channeling-his-immigrant-childhood-into-fiction\">Chiang-rae Lee talks to Jane Ciabattari<\/a> about how his family history and immigrant childhood influence his fiction. | Lit Hub<a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/craftandcriticism\/in-conversation\/\"> In Conversation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Why Earl Swift hiked the Appalachian Trail <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/why-i-hiked-the-appalachian-trail-twice-30-years-apart\">the first time (and the second).<\/a> | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/newsandculture\/memoir\/\">Memoir<\/a><\/li>\n<li>&#8220;One day they were in love and the next, a manuscript appeared in his study, written in a language she didn\u2019t speak.&#8221; Read from <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/the-maltese-version\">Katy Simpson Smith&#8217;s new novel, <em>The Maltese Version<\/em><\/a>. | Lit Hub <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/category\/fictionandpoetry\/from-the-novel\/\">Fiction<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Maria Adelmann reports on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/society\/adjuncting-until-the-end-of-time\/\">the crisis of the eternal adjunct<\/a>. | The Nation<\/li>\n<li>\u201cWe inhabit a world where the tendencies Hamlet embodied are magnified, and where opportunities for self-commentary are effectively continuous.\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/hedgehogreview.com\/issues\/the-fading-promise-of-higher-education\/articles\/freud-in-the-age-of-therapy-speak\">Anna Ballan on Freud in the age of therapy-speak<\/a>. | The Hedgehog Review<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lareviewofbooks.org\/article\/screenwriters-hollywood-mergers-paramount-warner-oracle-artificial-intelligence\/\">On AI, screenwriters, and the cost of free labor:<\/a> \u201cCreative workers have always been vulnerable to exploitation. The idea that the early stage of a career must involve \u201chope work\u201d (unpaid internships, apprenticeships, spec scripts, auditions, free gigs, etc.) is built in, and easily abused.\u201d | Los Angeles Review of Books<\/li>\n<li>In case you need <a href=\"https:\/\/www.404media.co\/we-tracked-a-shipment-of-rare-books-it-ended-at-an-amazon-ai-training-facility\/\">another reason to dump Amazon<\/a>, the company is destroying books to train AI. | 404 Media<\/li>\n<li>Ellie Blackwood on <a href=\"https:\/\/reactormag.com\/three-ted-chiang-stories-that-broke-my-brain\/\">why \u201cTed Chiang\u2019s stories keep breaking my brain.\u201d<\/a> | Reactor<\/li>\n<li>In defense <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/culture\/2026\/08\/mary-oliver-documentary\/688305\/?utm_source=feed\">of loving Mary Oliver.<\/a> | The Atlantic<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel can teach us about grief, literature, and growing up. | Lit Hub TV Florence Hazrat explores the surprisingly controversial history of the parenthesis. | Lit Hub History Edwidge Danticat tells us why she<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":275852,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[45236],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-275850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lit-hub-daily"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19Lc","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/lolita1.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275850"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275850\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275852"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":274801,"date":"2026-08-18T05:38:41","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T09:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=274801"},"modified":"2026-08-17T22:40:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T02:40:30","slug":"the-maltese-version","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/the-maltese-version\/","title":{"rendered":"The Maltese Version"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>One day they were in love and the next, a manuscript appeared in his study, written in a language she didn\u2019t speak.<\/p>\n<p><em>Ix-Xmara M\u017cer\u017cqa.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The papers were flopping off the edge of his desk, trembling in the breeze from the window; her hand reached out to stop them. He did this with dishes too, slid a plate onto the counter so it jutted off the side, asking to be wrecked. She liked putting things to rights. <em>Putting something to rights <\/em>was an untranslatable phrase, he might say in a pedantic mood. No, she would think; you could come pretty close in a Romance language. <em>Mettere a posto<\/em>, to put in place. She figured that a lover who <em>hung the moon <\/em>was actually untranslatable, but neither of them believed that of each other anymore.<\/p>\n<p>A blue jay at the feeder warned off finches with a curdling squawk. May was already hot in Chicago. Leonie swiveled in his chair, its kittenish squeak a sound she associated with deep thought. He\u2019d said he was working on another translation for Edizioni Sur, but she knew her way around Italian, and this was gibberish. \u201cEesh shmara mazurka.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIm-zer-zuh.\u201d Max stood in the doorway, looking past her to the soap opera of the bird feeder. \u201cSloping, or curvy. Or bent.\u201d He came for her neck, his fingers tapping at the corded veins, twisting the webs of her hair. She still had the creases from sleep on her skin, while he had been up and into the world and back, already returning to work. \u201cSeed\u2019s almost out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHow was Herschel?\u201d A former professor often took him to breakfast to exercise her rusty flirting. She picked up the bill, and told him if she were younger she would dance him into the river. <em>What does that mean? <\/em>they\u2019d ask each other later. <em>Is it a Slavic expression? <\/em>Herschel was not American, and her students made a game of guessing her roots. She\u2019d engineered all of Max\u2019s gigs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI filled the feeder last,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is the story you tell yourself,\u201d she said, holding on to the arms of his chair, \u201cthat you go out and exercise your wits and I stay home and avoid chores.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s just situational.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>That wasn\u2019t quite the word, but it\u2019s the word he used. <em>Temporary<\/em>, she would\u2019ve said, or even <em>provisional<\/em>. She was between assignments, is what he meant. It left her feeling impotent, also feminine; it wasn\u2019t a position she liked.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere are two sides to every story,\u201d he\u2019d said in a recent fight.<\/p>\n<p>She\u2019d shaken her head. \u201cTwo sides means there are two stories.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIm-zer-zuh,\u201d he repeated, and slid the manuscript out from beneath her hand, throwing it in a desk drawer. \u201cPut on some pants. Let\u2019s make lunch.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>In the shower that afternoon, Leonie copied the sounds in her mouth again. Im-zer-zuh. Eesh shmara. Her fingers dug in her scalp. She cleaned out her ears. Her belly button. When she leaned down to scrub between her toes, she encountered the cat, who sat on the side of the tub to catch the spray. Its whiskers were dewy. She felt a quick pang on her left side. Which side was appendicitis?<\/p>\n<p>She and Max had separate apartments, though she spent most of her time at his; he had the bird feeder and the cat and solid wood bookshelves. He was almost a decade older than her, and seemed like it. More stable, more deliberate, qualities she\u2019d once found sexy: the slow way he\u2019d turn his eyes on her as she fluttered about some new project. But in the past year, more often than not, he seemed to be looking through her. He was the first to turn off his bedside lamp; he was ready, before her, to say good night.<\/p>\n<p>The cat blinked. Max never sat on a ledge and watched her soap her body.<\/p>\n<p>They were two adults on two paths, pretending they were on one. At this point\u2014early thirties, partnered, in a semblance of a career\u2014Leonie could coast, writing travel guides to familiar places until the internet finished sinking her industry, but the path Max was walking, the taste of <em>im-zer-zuh <\/em>on her tongue, sparked envy. Max went into unintelligible caves and came out with light.<\/p>\n<p>She dug her fingers into her lower abdomen, trying to work out the pang, now a knot. The cat rubbed its gray face with a white paw.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou have no ambition,\u201d Leonie said to it, squeezing the soap out of her hair.<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>When the cat snaked past the bathroom door, it looked for Max first in his main perch, the swiveling desk chair. Empty. Right turn, left turn, and the cat found Max in an unusual sprawl on the bed, his outstretched arms covering the well-worn blanket where the cat was accustomed to nap. Max was not napping.<\/p>\n<p>He was thinking about Herschel\u2019s proposition\u2014a month on the island of Malta, in the company of a poet on the verge of international fame, with nothing to do but massage one language into another. No student essays, no leaky windows, no meetings, no dishes, no Leonie.<\/p>\n<p>Why hadn\u2019t he seized her by the nape this morning, when he found her at his desk, and taken her to bed? How could he still be self-conscious about his body around hers after four years? He touched her half as often as he considered it. The cat leapt to the blanket and began kneading. Max scraped his fingers along its spine. Leonie would probably say he rarely thought about her, but when he wasn\u2019t thinking about words, she was the only other subject. Her soft face in sleep, her loud banging of cabinets, her socks tossed haphazardly behind doors and under shelves. She was a fixture in a life a forty-year-old person should have. But <em>fixture <\/em>was not a romantic word.<\/p>\n<p>Of course he should take the job. Then return to her, then take another job, then\u2014He should feel lucky the bonds of their commitment were so loose.<\/p>\n<p>The pummeling of the shower stopped. The cat rolled over, belly up. It wasn\u2019t an offer but a trap; he knew better than to scratch there.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou have no shame,\u201d Max said to it, rolling off the bed and straightening the pillows.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: left;\">*<\/p>\n<p>Max claimed to have an aversion to real tomato sauce, though when Leonie made it, the kitchen ripe with butter and onion, he quietly went back for seconds. \u201cI could show you how,\u201d she\u2019d once said. But his mother had made spaghetti with sauce from a jar, so when he cooked, he used Rag\u00fa Old World Style, and Leonie said nothing but heaved in red pepper flakes. Neither admitted how \u201cOld World Style\u201d rang alarm bells in their heads, heads that had been trained to see language as a code, a veil, or a ruse.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think for this one I\u2019m going to travel.\u201d He mopped red from the corner of his mouth. \u201cFor a time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe gibberish poet?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA few weeks. Three.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She cocked her head. \u201cYou did all of Dufr\u00e9noy from home.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cDufr\u00e9noy was dead.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She pushed her chair back from the table and reached out for his empty dish. He toyed with it for a few seconds before shoving it over. In those seconds a number of things could\u2019ve happened, even a d\u00e9tente resulting in lovemaking, but nothing did. They used to read romance novels aloud to each other in bed, mocking and blushing and then, what the hell, trying things out. Then morning would come, with all the banalities that drew them apart. Even bodies in perfect consummation have to get detangled.<\/p>\n<p>When they\u2019d met they both crisscrossed the globe with frequency, playing time zones like piano keys. He could be gone for weeks with only an occasional check-in: <em>Landed at CDG. Send <\/em><em>dirty pic. <\/em>But jobs they thought would lead past the horizon turned out to be feasible from behind a desk. His freelance translations had turned into teaching jobs. He adapted to corduroy.<\/p>\n<p>She started running the water in the sink to get it hot. He\u2019d left the empty pot over low heat; bits of tomato had burnt into a crust.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHow soon do you leave?\u201d she said at the same time he said, \u201cCome with me.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The plates came clean easy, but she\u2019d leave the pot to soak. She stood by the stove with the dish towel across her shoulder.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe could rent a place,\u201d he said. \u201cWith a terrace.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou won\u2019t even tell me what the project is.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>\u017bgur ma nafx<\/em>,\u201d he said. \u201cOr <em>g<\/em><em>\u0127adni ma nafx<\/em>. I don\u2019t know; I don\u2019t know <em>yet<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cRemember, it\u2019s not helpful when I can\u2019t understand you.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a job from Herschel.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She looked over the counters, dry and white, and flicked off the overhead switch. Only a lamp lit him from the side; he looked like something out of Orson Welles.<\/p>\n<p>He said, \u201cWhen we move together, I feel faster.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we move together,\u201d she said, \u201cI get ignored and you get diarrhea.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>At a bar on the western coast of Sicily four years earlier, Max and Leonie had been seated at nearby tables and heard something suspicious in each other\u2019s accents. \u201cI mean, your Italian\u2019s good,\u201d he\u2019d said in his opening gambit, \u201cbut not, you know, <em>autentico<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Americans in Trapani.<\/p>\n<p>She\u2019d been working on the revised entry for the Aegadian Islands, which\u2014her editor said\u2014needed to include more tuna, less cave art. Spinder\u2019s Guides were recalibrating away from colonialist tourism, toward duck-blind tourism: let\u2019s sit at a distance and watch the natives, but with a Negroni. Physical guides didn\u2019t sell the way they used to, so the whole office was learning how to compete with personal blogs. Her editor had gingerly asked if she could take some selfies in Sicily.<\/p>\n<p><em>On the lapping shores<\/em>, she\u2019d written, accompanied by a shot of her toes on the beach, and her editor had marked, \u201cWater laps, not land?\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>From any crest on Favignana you can smell the fish being bled on the coast below, their bodies hung upside down like hogs. <\/em>\u201cToo much?\u201d wrote her editor.<\/p>\n<p>After they\u2019d traded a few playful remarks, and with the courage of the solo traveler, she\u2019d told Max across two tables that she wasn\u2019t interested in overseas affairs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBusiness affairs?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Les liaisons amoureuses<\/em>,\u201d she said, attempting mystery.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey can understand you.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And indeed, a well-dressed couple beneath a nearby umbrella smiled behind their menus. In this rare case the man took the woman at her word, and left her alone. He finished his coffee and nodded, and she nodded, and while she felt that this exchange was deliciously romantic, he felt he\u2019d failed at something. They didn\u2019t see each other again in Sicily.<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>Not far from Sicily, around the year Max was born, a painter threw a tube of viridian at a window. He thought the window was closed\u2014he wanted a smash, a violent splatter to match his mood\u2014but a maid had left the window open to air out the artist\u2019s musk, and the oil paint sailed straight through. Manwel heard the gentle rustle of a hedge accepting the tube.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLala,\u201d his wife called out from the garden below. \u201cYou dropped something.\u201d She spoke Maltese with a Ligurian accent, making declarative statements sound like songs.<\/p>\n<p>Like Leonie, Manwel felt feminized, impotent. Unlike Leonie, he was over two hundred and fifty pounds, or nearly a <em>qantar <\/em>and a half, using the old Maltese measuring system that no one bothered with anymore. His name was vestigial too: Manwel knew businessmen who had become Manuels, but he kept the <em>w<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>He smeared a thumb against the canvas, registering his dissatisfaction there instead. He\u2019d been invited to show at a major gallery at the end of summer, but his current works were all wrong. A stack of sketches on the floor kept tripping him as he paced. He was a man in his forties, virile, his skin softened only by the black pelt that ran up his arms and around his back. He needed a painting that roared.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLala,\u201d his wife called again, like a finch. \u201cLunch.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\">__________________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>From <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/a\/132\/9780374619480\">The Maltese Version<\/a><em> by Katy Simpson Smith.\u00a0Published by FSG Originals, August 2026. Copyright \u00a9 2026 by Katy Simpson Smith. All rights reserved.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>One day they were in love and the next, a manuscript appeared in his study, written in a language she didn\u2019t speak. Ix-Xmara M\u017cer\u017cqa. The papers were flopping off the edge of his desk, trembling in the breeze from the<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":63,"featured_media":274803,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[25508,3,43074,43076,26764],"tags":[333,6599,111421],"class_list":["post-274801","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-fiction","category-excerpts","category-fictionandpoetry","category-from-the-novel","category-novels","tag-fsg-originals","tag-katy-simpson-smith","tag-the-maltese-version","story-type-daily-fiction"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19uh","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/9780374619480.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274801","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/63"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=274801"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274801\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/274803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=274801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=274801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=274801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":275762,"date":"2026-08-18T05:10:48","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T09:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=275762"},"modified":"2026-08-17T22:20:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T02:20:06","slug":"on-that-disgraceful-disreputable-wonderful-form-of-punctuation-the-parenthesis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-that-disgraceful-disreputable-wonderful-form-of-punctuation-the-parenthesis\/","title":{"rendered":"On That Disgraceful, Disreputable, (Wonderful) Form of Punctuation: The Parenthesis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Shakespeare and friends would call punctuation \u201cdistinctions,\u201d according to the Latin tradition, or \u201cpointing,\u201d because of the medieval practice of placing dots or points at different levels of the line.\u00a0The first occurrence of the word \u201cpunctuation\u201d happens in the\u00a0French dialogue book <i>Orthoepia Gallica <\/i>from 1593 by translator and language teacher John Eliot, whose funny and colloquial conversations in facing columns on the page influenced Shakespeare\u2019s\u00a0witty repartee. Eliot challenges London French teachers to \u201cfind fault\u201d with his \u201cpricks, nicks, and tricks,\u201d referring to his punctuation and rhetoric.<\/p>\n<p>He was certainly a flamboyantly creative writer\u00a0and inspired teacher; yet one can take him seriously here: \u201cPricks\u201d performed \u201ctricks\u201d as punctuation became a vehicle to think about the technological revolutions of the time, gender relationships, and literary genres reflecting social and historical concerns like kingship or geographical exploration.<\/p>\n<p>Punctuation was also a channel for exploring interior worlds: the mind, memory, emotions. Particularly when something wasn\u2019t working quite right: In a society that prized eloquence above all else, writers became more interested in depicting the delay, interruption, or even failure of speech rather than its glorious fullfilment. Perhaps the sons (and some daughters) of the humanists hesitated to put their faith in language quite as much as previous generations had.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pullquote\">Yet, considering how his own life was cut short so tragically at the height of his social and literary success, it\u2019s hard not to entertain interpretations of the interrupted sentence as an eerie omen. <\/p>\n<p>And perhaps it was precisely the opposite: Writing had become so powerful at expression that it could now subvert itself without losing any of its magic. One such master of consciously suspended speech was the uncontested king of brackets: Sir Philip Sidney.<\/p>\n<p>On October 16, 1586, a young man writes a desperate letter to his friend: \u201cMy dear Weyer: Come. Come. My life is in danger and I long to see you.\u201d Weak from the festering wound in his thigh, he scribbles those few lines in a shaky, hardly legible hand. Will the famous doctor be able to save him? When Weyer arrives the next day, the letter writer is already dead. Sir Philip Sidney, courtier, poet, and fervent Protestant soldier under Queen Elizabeth I, had been fighting Catholic Spain in the Netherlands when a bullet struck him, burying itself deep in the flesh of his thigh. The life of the dazzling superstar of Tudor high society was cut short, at the age of thirty-one, in a way eerily mirrored by his own writing: Just before leaving for his holy war, Sidney interrupted the epic story about erring knights, which he had been working on for years, in the middle of an exciting battle, leaving the action hanging mid-sentence. On a parenthesis.<\/p>\n<p><em>Anaxius lept away. Whereat ashamed (as having never done\u00a0so much before in his life)\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Readers, like the sentence and the plot, are on tenterhooks about\u00a0what comes next. The work, of course, remains unfinished, although the parenthesis\u2019s open-endedness functioned like a magnet for countless later writers, inviting them to graft their versions of how the book should continue. Sidney was merely following a common composition practice of pausing mid-sentence or mid-matter, only to use the parenthesis as memory springboard when it was time to pick up the pen again (or quill rather).<\/p>\n<p>Yet, considering how his own life was cut short so tragically at the height of his social and literary success, it\u2019s hard not to entertain interpretations of the interrupted sentence as an eerie omen.<\/p>\n<p>Irrespective of his death in parentheses, Philip Sidney wielded the two typographical boomerangs with aplomb in his brilliantly stylish and dizzyingly chaotic <i>Arcadia<\/i>. Two princes meet two princesses, and much drama ensues, including multiple disguises, poetry competitions, shipwrecks, abductions, a climactic court case, war, and, much, much more dangerous than all of those adventures combined: love and lust. There are shepherds, pirates, kings, queens, and love triangles (polygons?) en masse, including amorous escapades involving men dressed up as Amazons (don\u2019t ask, just read it). What\u2019s not to like?!<\/p>\n<p>To make matters messier for the <i>Arcadia<\/i>\u2019s characters, readers, and future editors, Sidney produced two substantially different versions of the story, one between 1577 and 1581 and a revised (some would say completely new) work between 1581 and 1584, shortly before setting off across the channel to his untimely end. In 1590, four years after Sidney\u2019s death, his best friend, Fulke Greville, published the \u201cnew\u201d <i>Arcadia <\/i>with its abrupt cutoff.<\/p>\n<p>In 1593, Sidney\u2019s beloved sister Mary brought out a rival work in a bigger and more luxurious format, starting with the \u201cnew\u201d version and attaching a heavily edited finale drawn from the old version, resulting in a clumsy, incongruent centaur nobody liked. Crucially, though, in the parts of the new and old <i>Arcadia<\/i>s that correspond, nearly all 2,400 brackets are identical. We don\u2019t have a definitive Sidney autograph (a manuscript written by himself) of one fused final version, so this is as good as it gets concerning his own punctuation. Sidney was clearly an enthusiastic bracketeer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pullquote\">On the one hand, the parenthesis is disposable. It\u2019s useless. Stuff. Waste. <\/p>\n<p>While there were contemporary writers who also heavily implemented parentheses, none did so as much or as well as Sidney did. The popularity of his <i>Arcadia <\/i>helped spread both the use of brackets and the perception of their sophistication. After all, the Renaissance loved intricate structures of all kinds, from architecture to fabric patterns to language. The more complicated the better! Philip Sidney\u2019s brackets provided a blueprint for elevated expression, and writers loved imitating him.<\/p>\n<p>Some, in fact, felt so inspired by the provocative unfinished sentence that they picked up the narrative thread of the new <i>Arcadia <\/i>from where Sidney had left off! Gervase Markham published an ending in 1607, and Sidney\u2019s niece Lady Mary Wroth (the Sidney family was amazingly literary) wrote a long, two-part prose novel called <i>Uranian <\/i>in the 1620s, which also employed her uncle\u2019s trademark parentheses as a sneaky claim to his legacy.<\/p>\n<p>When Coluccio Salutati invented the parenthesis nearly 200 years before Sidney\u2019s consummate bracket art, he rendered visible an age-old rhetorical practice of inserting a particle of a sentence into a greater whole. Remember, the Roman rhetorician Quintilian called it <i>interpositio<\/i>, drawing attention to putting something in the middle of something else. The question is how long the mini-digression can become without hijacking the main sentence (or story). There was no rule on the length of a parenthesis; it was up to the discretion of the writer to adjudicate appropriate delay.<\/p>\n<p>It makes sense, then, that Sidney\u2019s near-contemporary, the schoolmaster John Hoskins, wrote in his <i>Directions for Speech and Style <\/i>(1600) that a parenthesis \u201cin extremities\u201d can become a (dis)grace: It can go both ways, depending on how masterfully the bracket is wielded. This paradoxical potential created a certain nervousness in style recommendations. In his 1589 <i>Art of English Poetry<\/i>, George Putten ham offers an exaggerated example, commenting, \u201cThis insertion is very long and utterly impertinent to the principal matter, and makes a great gap in the tale, nevertheless is no disgrace but rather a beauty and to very good purpose, but you must not use such insertions often nor too thick, nor those that be very long as this of ours, for it will breed great confusion to have the tale so much interrupted.\u201d On the one hand, the parenthesis is disposable. It\u2019s useless. Stuff. Waste.<\/p>\n<p>Thrust into the middle for want of wit, somewhere, anywhere. On the other hand, it is \u201cgrafted\u201d onto the host sentence, as Puttenham continues, as if it were a branch of another tree that improves on its new stem precisely because it is foreign. The problem is not so much that a parenthesis intrudes on a sentence\u2014it does; there\u2019s no denying it. The question is rather how.<\/p>\n<p>In <i>The Garden of Eloquence<\/i>, Puttenham\u2019s fellow rhetorician\u00a0Henry Peacham believes ambling on the syntactic and narrative line is permissible provided that one is \u201cgoing out from order, but yet for profit of some pertinent sense.\u201d He continues, \u201cWe must have a perfect way provided aforehand, that we may go fourth aptly, and making no long tarrying return in again cunningly.\u201d Inserting the insertor requires foreconceit, an inkling of how a sentence or a plot is going to develop. If a writer is going to stray, they should stray strategically, spanning the internal parenthesis like an arch.<\/p>\n<p>The parenthesis cuts, but it also stitches the before and after together again, unfolding left and right from the typographical boundaries of the punctuation mark.<\/p>\n<p class=\"pullquote\">Parentheses, turning the inside of a sentence out and the outside in, ask readers to shuttle back and forth, exercising mental agility that nurtures a flexible set of thoughts and feelings.<\/p>\n<p>At the beginning of the <i>Arcadia<\/i>, one of the princes, Musidorus, courts Pamela, one of the sister-princesses, by communicating to her that his shepherd apparel is just a disguise. Or at least, he\u2019s trying to tell her as much:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">In the country of Thessalia, (alas why name I that accursed country, which brings forth nothing, but matters for trage dies? but name it I must) in Thessalia (I say) there was (well may I say, there was) a Prince (no, no Prince, whom bondage\u00a0<i>wholly possessed; but yet accounted a Prince, and) named Musidorus.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Why all these parentheses? He could have just said, \u201cIn the country of Thessalia there was a prince named Musidorus.\u201d Instead he interrupts himself almost obsessively, trapped in his fake identity, not only in the story but in the sentence too. The bracket interruptions perform the delays he is experiencing in his own life due to his love for Pamela and the disguise he upholds to be able to court her.<\/p>\n<p>Parentheses, turning the inside of a sentence out and the outside in, ask readers to shuttle back and forth, exercising mental agility that nurtures a flexible set of thoughts and feelings. Sidney\u2019s brackets include qualifications of the thrust of the main sentence, comparisons, doubts, metaphors, and examples, all of which dilate the narrative into a complex, three-dimensional woven tapestry, accommodating innumerable opinions and interpretations. The parenthesis in word and deed is an ethical way of life: We pause for thought.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s something mysterious about the \u201clittle moons,\u201d as Erasmus called them. The moon represents creation and destruction, rebirth, eternity, the feminine, time, marking time, mystery, the night, and secrets. And so does the parenthesis. The convex-concave curves of the open and closed parentheses cup something said by the way, whisperings, secrets mouthed into the reader\u2019s ear, mumbled under the author\u2019s breath.<\/p>\n<p>For Renaissance writers, punctuation belonged to the visual-grammatical and the spoken-rhetorical. Headmaster Richard Mulcaster categorizes parentheses as \u201ccreatures to the pen and distinctions to pronounce by\u201d: They\u2019re amphibian in striking out a precarious existence as belonging to both the water of the spoken and the land of the seen. The (two) visual walls make meaning discrete, even as they remain permeable enough for the eye to slip in and out. You can\u2019t overlook a bracket. Yet you can also read right through it. How does one read a bracket? How does one read it out? Mulcaster suggested that \u201cthe words enclosed by them are to be pronounced with a lower and quicker voice than the words either before or after them.\u201d Both visually and aurally, then, what\u2019s inside nestles safely between parenthetical palms, protecting tender expressions of intimacy.<\/p>\n<p>Brackets establish a special magic between reader and writer. Perhaps that\u2019s why Sidney used them to dedicate his work to his sister Mary, a gifted translator and accomplished poet in her own right:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Here now have you (most deare, and most worthy to be most dear Lady) this idle work of mine: which I fear (like the spider\u2019s web) will be thought fitter to be swept away, than worn to any other purpose. For my part, in very truth (as the cruel fathers among the Greeks, were wont to do to the babes they would not foster) I could well find in my heart, to cast out in some desert of forgetfulnes this child, which I am loath to father.<\/p>\n<p>Sidney is hedging his words in ever more delaying parentheses. He adds comparisons (\u201clike the spider\u2019s web\u201d and \u201cas the cruel fathers\u201d), classical allusions to Greek myth, and appeals to the reader (\u201cmost dear Lady\u201d). Parentheses encase words, keeping vulnerable admissions safe and visually private. An open bracket is always twinned with a closed bracket\u2014the words inside are never left out in the cold; there is never just the waning crescent without trailing its mirrored waxing crescent. The parenthesis is a gentle kind of interruption, stable and predictable and balanced.<\/p>\n<p>Punctuation, it turns out, not only assisted writers and printers in making the reading of drama lively but also promised added value precisely because it was a denizen of the book world.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\">__________________________________<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275764\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-that-disgraceful-disreputable-wonderful-form-of-punctuation-the-parenthesis\/on-the-mark\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1321,2048\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"on the mark\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark-661x1024.jpeg\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-275764 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark-194x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"194\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark-194x300.jpeg 194w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark-661x1024.jpeg 661w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark-768x1191.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark-39x60.jpeg 39w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark-991x1536.jpeg 991w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark-32x50.jpeg 32w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/on-the-mark.jpeg 1321w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 194px) 100vw, 194px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Excerpted from <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/a\/2344\/9781541606494\">On the Mark: From Periods to Interrobangs, How Punctuation Remade the World<\/a><em> by Florence Hazrat, copyright \u00a92026 by Florence Hazrat. Used with permission of Basic Books, a division of Hachette Book Group, Inc.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shakespeare and friends would call punctuation \u201cdistinctions,\u201d according to the Latin tradition, or \u201cpointing,\u201d because of the medieval practice of placing dots or points at different levels of the line.\u00a0The first occurrence of the word \u201cpunctuation\u201d happens in the\u00a0French dialogue<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31668,"featured_media":275767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[6,43101,43070,43092],"tags":[11854,1149,111789,576,111788,67069,111790,1341],"class_list":["post-275762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-features","category-history","category-literary-criticism","category-newsandculture","tag-basic-books","tag-craft","tag-florence-hazrat","tag-history","tag-on-the-mark","tag-parentheses","tag-punctation","tag-writing"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19JM","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/parentheses.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31668"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275762"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275762\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":275483,"date":"2026-08-18T05:10:30","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T09:10:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/?p=275483"},"modified":"2026-08-20T18:16:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T22:16:08","slug":"on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/","title":{"rendered":"On Grief and Growing Up in<\/br> <em>Buffy the Vampire Slayer<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>The following essay is adapted from a keynote address given at the Association for the Study of Buffy+&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/buffystudies.org\/sc11-2026-conference\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">11th Biennial Slayage Conference<\/a> on July 10, 2026. <\/em><em>In case it needs to be said, this essay contains many, many spoilers for, and inside jokes regarding, <\/em>Buffy the Vampire Slayer\u00a0<em>and\u00a0<\/em>Angel.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">*<\/p>\n<p>For the record, I am not actually a <i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer<\/i> nostalgia case. I didn&#8217;t have a television growing up, so I found the show as an adult, when my then-boyfriend (a screenwriter) made me watch it. I was charmed but basically unconvinced until we got to episode six, \u201cThe Pack,\u201d in which the cool kids, possessed by, checks notes, hyena spirits, eat the school principal. They literally <i>eat <\/i>him.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275540\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/1-flutie\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-scaled.png\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1377\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Principal Flutie\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-1240x667.png\" class=\"wp-image-275540 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-1240x667.png\" alt=\"Principal Flutie\" width=\"1240\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-1240x667.png 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-300x161.png 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-768x413.png 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-60x32.png 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-1536x826.png 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-2048x1102.png 2048w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1-Flutie-50x27.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> RIP Principal Flutie.<\/span>\n<p>Ok, I thought. I\u2019m in.<\/p>\n<p>Now, I love what everybody loves about <i>Buffy <\/i>and <i>Angel<\/i>: the language, the metaphors, the characters, the specific pleasure of getting the thing and lampshading the thing in the same gesture, the richness of the world, the way the storytelling begins and ends in emotion, and the way it can be so many things at once: comedy, horror, romance, drama, fantasy. I love how serious it can feel, and how scary, and how silly, all at the same time.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275565\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/2-lovers-walk\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk.png\" data-orig-size=\"1571,877\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"buffy Lovers Walk\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk-1240x692.png\" class=\"wp-image-275565 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk-1240x692.png\" alt=\"buffy Lovers Walk\" width=\"1240\" height=\"692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk-1240x692.png 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk-768x429.png 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk-60x33.png 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk-1536x857.png 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk-50x28.png 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2-Lovers-Walk.png 1571w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Grr. Argh.<\/span>\n<p>Since I am not an academic, but just a novelist and sometime-critic, I thought I would unpack why novelists in particular seem to love <i>Buffy <\/i>and <i>Angel <\/i>so much. Lots of people like <i>Buffy<\/i>, of course, but anecdotally, everyone I know who <i>really <\/i>loves it also happens to be a writer of some kind.<\/p>\n<p>I will talk about that a bit, but recently Anthony Stewart Head died, and so now I have to talk about grief.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275567\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/4-daddy-home\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2500,1872\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Daddy&amp;#8217;s home.\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home-1240x929.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-275567 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home-1240x929.jpg\" alt=\"Daddy's home. Giles Btvs\" width=\"1240\" height=\"929\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home-1240x929.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home-60x45.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home-1536x1150.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home-2048x1534.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/4-Daddy-Home-50x37.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Daddy&#8217;s home.<\/span>\n<p><i>Buffy the Vampire Slayer<\/i> is, at its core, a show about grief. To me, it is even more about grief than it is about love, or magic, or witty remarks, or maybe even power, because it is about being a teenager, and being a teenager is about grief.<\/p>\n<p>Wait a second, all the adults with jobs are saying to themselves. Being a teenager isn\u2019t about <em>grief<\/em>. Teenagers don\u2019t know how good they have it! Which is true. But being a teenager is about grief because being a teenager is about change. You\u2019re mourning your childhood, and you\u2019re mourning your innocence, and you\u2019re mourning the fact that the people who are supposed to love you don\u2019t know you anymore, or at least don\u2019t understand you. Later, of course, the show becomes about trying to <em>become<\/em> an adult\u2014see Buffy&#8217;s doomed day job at the Doublemeat Palace\u2014and that is an exercise in grief too. Then there\u2019s <i>Angel<\/i>, which is ultimately a show about the grief of <i>being<\/i> an adult, because <i>Angel <\/i>is essentially a story about futility.<\/p>\n<p>Life, it turns out, is a show about grief, I am sorry to report.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s been a hard year for <i>Buffy <\/i>fans. Tony Head died at 72. Nicholas Brendon died at 54, in March. This is not even to mention Michelle Trachtenberg, who died last year\u2014can you believe it was only last year?\u2014at 39. I\u2019m not a fan of this pattern. Maybe it has something to do with the hellmouth so obviously opening under the whole of the United States, if not in fact the world. Maybe we&#8217;re just unlucky.<\/p>\n<p>I was particularly struck by the outpouring of love for Tony Head, and the way that clips of him were passed around online as a way of mourning. Nothing new for the age of the internet. But these were not clips of him in his most recent high profile role, in another beloved show, <em>Ted Lasso<\/em>, where he plays a villain (also named Rupert). No, they were all clips of Giles (apart from a few of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=jsN4YwbM9kw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nescaf\u00e9 Gold Blend ads<\/a>). We mourned him as Giles, as the best father figure that ever refused to judge us, that ever did kill Ben (who might know Glory) for us, that was ever there, until he thought it might save us for him not to be. Of course, we\u2014I\u2014don\u2019t know Tony Head. It helps that by all accounts he was a great person, that he was also the father figure on set, that he seemed to care for others in his regular life and in his work. But we don\u2019t know him. We\u2019ve been mourning Giles.<\/p>\n<p>But of course, Giles is just as alive as ever.<\/p>\n<p>Giles exists, whenever we want to look. We have exactly as much of him as we did before. There\u2019s an entire other conversation to be had about parasocial relationships in the modern era, obviously, but since <i>Buffy <\/i>isn\u2019t really <i>from <\/i>the modern era, I do think it speaks to the power of the character, the acting and the writing, and to the universe of the show itself, that the average fan feels they\u2019ve lost something.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275568\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/5-the-wizard\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-The-Wizard.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1288,724\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"giles The Wizard\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Welcome to the Magic Box.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-The-Wizard-1240x697.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-275568 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-The-Wizard-1240x697.jpg\" alt=\"giles The Wizard\" width=\"1240\" height=\"697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-The-Wizard-1240x697.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-The-Wizard-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-The-Wizard-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-The-Wizard-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-The-Wizard-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/5-The-Wizard.jpg 1288w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> The Magic Box: Your one-stop spot to shop for all your occult needs.<\/span>\n<p>The novelist <a href=\"https:\/\/www.esquire.com\/uk\/culture\/tv\/a46174141\/buffy-the-vampire-slayer-legacy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Naomi Alderman has argued<\/a> that what makes <i>Buffy<\/i> so good is what she calls &#8220;character doubling.&#8221; She writes that \u201cevery single character contains their opposite within them. It is a show about having the sense that you have a strange other lurking inside.\u201d That\u2019s definitely true\u2014consider Vampire Willow. Xander literally split into his good and bad qualities, Faith and Buffy, already foils, swapping bodies, the Buffybot, Joan the Vampire Slayer, and so on\u2014and doubling is of course a classic literary trope.<\/p>\n<p>But now I want to consider a very specific kind of \u201cstrange other\u201d that both <i>Buffy <\/i>and <i>Angel <\/i>return to repeatedly: the person you become when faced with grief. Because in the Buffyverse, as sometimes in life, grief makes you a different person. Often\u00a0literally.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275570\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/7-anne\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7-Anne.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1112,836\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"7 Anne\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;She&amp;#8217;s someone.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7-Anne.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275570\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7-Anne.jpg\" alt=\"anne buffy\" width=\"1112\" height=\"836\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7-Anne.jpg 1112w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7-Anne-300x226.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7-Anne-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7-Anne-60x45.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/7-Anne-50x38.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1112px) 100vw, 1112px\" \/> She&#8217;s someone.<\/span>\n<p>We see it first and maybe most blatantly at the beginning of Season 3, when, in order to deal with her grief over killing her one true love and consigning him to hell (teenagers!), Buffy has run away to Los Angeles. As this episode opens, we find that she has literally become another person: Anne. She\u2019s a waitress at Helen\u2019s Kitchen, which, ha ha. And to Alderman\u2019s point, Anne is Buffy\u2019s secret self, her internal opposite: the normal girl. Powerless even against the most run-of-the-mill villains, the men casually harassing her at the diner.<\/p>\n<p>But of course Buffy finds she can\u2019t really outrun herself, because she\u2019s recognized by a girl she\u2019d saved before, who then went by Chanterelle, and is now going by Lily. The girl\u2019s boyfriend disappears, and Buffy finds him horribly dead, aged overnight, and though Buffy\u2014reasserting her identity when it counts\u2014kills the demon responsible and saves Lily from the same fate, in the end Lily is left to grieve, and so she too takes on a new identity: Lily becomes Anne, and Anne goes back to being Buffy, though not quite the Buffy she was before, and not just because of the terrible chunky highlights.<\/p>\n<p>Of course this isn\u2019t actually the first time grief has changed anyone in this show. Consider Angel: After centuries of murderous rampaging, Angelus has his soul returned to him as a punishment\u2014itself a function of the grief of his victims\u2014and is flooded by that grief, and the guilt of having to remember all he\u2019s done. Everything that Angel becomes after that is a response\u2014he is forever trying to atone. But what\u2019s really interesting about Angel in this context is that he represents the other side of the coin, because once he lives in grief, if he experiences a moment of true happiness\u2014grief\u2019s opposite\u2014he will lose his soul again and transform back into his evil self. So the principle cuts both ways. Joy too can be transformative. It just doesn\u2019t come up quite as often.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275571\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/8b-jenny\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8b-Jenny.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,630\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"8b Jenny\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A shocking twist.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8b-Jenny.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275571\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8b-Jenny.jpg\" alt=\"jenny angel btvs\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8b-Jenny.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8b-Jenny-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8b-Jenny-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8b-Jenny-60x32.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/8b-Jenny-50x26.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/> A shocking twist.<\/span>\n<p>By the way, Angel, or really Angelus, also shows us another use for grief: as a weapon. After he kills Jenny Calendar in Season 2\u2019s \u201cPassion\u201d (a truly shocking episode, and the show\u2019s first really significant death), he stages an elaborate romantic scene with her body to torture and traumatize Giles, with the intention of causing him as much grief as possible. He wants to change Giles\u2014to weaken him, and by extension Buffy\u2014and he does, or at least he goads him into doing two very un-Giles-like things: head off alone on a suicide mission, and allow himself to be tricked by Drusilla\u2019s hypnosis. When she manipulates him into seeing her as Jenny, he is taken in enough to tell his enemies everything they need to know to end the world. (Compare to Wesley\u2019s refusal to let Illyria be Fred, though that&#8217;s all he wants: \u201cThe first lesson a Watcher learns is to separate truth from illusion.\u201d But we\u2019ll get to that.)<\/p>\n<p>Of course Angel did the same thing to Drusilla herself, when she was a pious woman whom he drove insane by telling her she was evil. Both of these uses for grief read as deeply perverse, as indeed they are.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275575\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/9-faith-window\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1644,930\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"9 Faith Window\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;This one&amp;#8217;s for you.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window-1240x701.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275575\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window-1240x701.jpg\" alt=\"faith window buffy\" width=\"1240\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window-1240x701.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window-768x434.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window-1536x869.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/9-Faith-Window.jpg 1644w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> This one&#8217;s for you.<\/span>\n<p>But let\u2019s go back to Season 3. In \u201cBad Girls,\u201d a pivotal episode despite the fact that they\u2019re fighting the silly bathtub demon, Faith\u2014Buffy\u2019s dark double, the Other Slayer, but here still on side\u2014seduces Buffy into breaking the rules, which seems like it\u2019s working fine until Faith accidentally kills a human, the technically evil but essentially non-threatening Allan, the Mayor\u2019s deputy. The episode ends with Faith clearly upset, and channeling Lady Macbeth, scrubbing at bloodstains in the sink, but when Buffy comes to check on her, Faith tells Buffy starkly \u201cI don\u2019t care\u201d before the show cuts jarringly to black.<\/p>\n<p>This is the action that starts turning Faith from a \u201cbad girl\u201d into a bad girl. She doesn\u2019t <i>let<\/i> herself grieve, or come to terms with the guilt and horror of what she\u2019s done\u2014but whether she accepts it or not, the grief is there, and her inability to deal with it is what begins her turn to the actual dark side. It\u2019s a subtle echo of what Buffy did at the beginning of the season\u2014Faith is running emotionally from the grief and guilt, but she can\u2019t actually beat it without changing herself entirely. Which of course she does, becoming the Mayor\u2019s best girl. For now.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, Cordelia is exempt from this phenomenon, at least in <i>Buffy <\/i>proper. Her romantic grief over Xander does not cause her to become another person, but it does, in \u201cThe Wish,\u201d make everyone <i>else <\/i>into another person.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275576\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/10-the-wish\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish.png\" data-orig-size=\"1563,872\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"10 The Wish\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Leather = evil?&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish-1240x692.png\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275576\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish-1240x692.png\" alt=\"the wish buffy\" width=\"1240\" height=\"692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish-1240x692.png 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish-768x428.png 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish-60x33.png 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish-1536x857.png 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish-50x28.png 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/10-The-Wish.png 1563w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Leather = evil?<\/span>\n<p>Fitting, somehow, for the girl who is the only one saying what she\u2019s thinking and thinking what she\u2019s saying at all times. This holds true until we get to the final episode of the first season of <i>Angel<\/i>, in which a demon opens Cordelia\u2019s mind to all of the suffering of humanity at once, and when she comes out of it, she\u2019s making everybody sandwiches. \u201cI know what\u2019s out there now,\u201d she explains, and though she still makes the odd sassy remark, after this moment she\u2019s the heart of the group, and the show, instead of the edge. Not her role before at all. So in <i>Buffy<\/i>, Cordelia\u2019s grief changes the world, but in <i>Angel<\/i>, the world\u2019s grief changes Cordelia. A distinction I think she would like.<\/p>\n<p>Incidentally, it is this same phenomenon\u2014feeling the pain of all the world\u2014that turns Dark Willow from merely murderous to fully apocalyptic, so did we really just discover that Cordelia has a stronger moral core than Willow? But I\u2019m getting ahead of myself again. Before Dark Willow, we have to talk about Joyce.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275577\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/11-cordelia\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia.png\" data-orig-size=\"1552,1186\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"11 Cordelia\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A cheerleader, a princess, and a warrior.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia-1240x948.png\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275577\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia-1240x948.png\" alt=\"cordelia angel\" width=\"1240\" height=\"948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia-1240x948.png 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia-300x229.png 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia-768x587.png 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia-60x46.png 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia-1536x1174.png 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia-50x38.png 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/11-Cordelia.png 1552w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> A cheerleader, a princess, and a warrior.<\/span>\n<p>So much has already been said about \u201cThe Body,\u201d which is by any measure an extraordinary episode of television. I\u2019m not sure what I can add to the formal conversation, but I will say this. When I watched it to prepare for this talk, it was the first time I\u2019d seen it since my father died. Similarly to Joyce, really. Sudden, too young. It was difficult to watch, which is of course a testament to how good it is. \u201cThe Body,\u201d more than any other art I\u2019ve encountered, gets at the surreality of sudden death. The big buttons on the phone, the misaligned camera that doesn\u2019t quite capture the paramedic talking. The zoom into Buffy\u2019s face when she realizes that Joyce\u2019s skirt is riding up. The repeated fantasy of everything being all right. It also illustrates how quickly, despite the surreality, you must playact that this death is real to you. If you\u2019re the person who needs to do things, you have to act like it\u2019s real long before you believe it\u2019s real, and that break in perception makes it harder to ever accept it at all.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275578\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/12-the-body\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12-The-Body.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,675\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"12 The Body\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;She&amp;#8217;s at the house.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12-The-Body.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275578\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12-The-Body.jpg\" alt=\"the body buffy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12-The-Body.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12-The-Body-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12-The-Body-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12-The-Body-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/12-The-Body-50x28.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/> She&#8217;s at the house.<\/span>\n<p>Of course, this is Buffy\u2019s big source of grief in Season 5, and it\u2019s a turning point in the series. It is as much a reordering of the known world as Dawn was. But it\u2019s not when Buffy becomes an adult. It\u2019s when she is forced into the <em>shape<\/em> of an adult, before she\u2019s ready. First, however, she is obliterated.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEverybody wants to help,\u201d she says. \u201cI don\u2019t even know if I\u2019m here.\u201d She tries to be strong and stoic\u2014and again the change is reflected in her hair, that low tight pony she always wears when she\u2019s really white knuckling it\u2014but in \u201cForever,\u201d she finally breaks down with Dawn, who says, \u201cNo one\u2019s asking you to be Mom,\u201d and Buffy responds, \u201cWell who\u2019s gonna be if I\u2019m not?\u201d And in that moment she <i>does<\/i> become mother enough for her sister, who has been secretly trying to resurrect Joyce. Dawn ends the resurrection spell in response, belying her own statement.<\/p>\n<p>The death of a parent is often the catalyst for the end of childhood, in fiction and in life. But it has special weight here for the forced end of Buffy\u2019s childhood, because Joyce is the only one who is her childhood\u2019s true witness. Nobody else\u2014neither her friends nor Giles\u2014actually knew her as a child. Even Dawn has been manufactured as a result of Buffy\u2019s transformation into the Slayer. The death of Joyce is also the deletion of whatever was left of Buffy\u2019s innocence.<\/p>\n<p>But of course the death that changes Buffy the most is her own. Well, the second one, anyway.<\/p>\n<p>I know opinions vary, but I\u2019m someone who loves Season 6. Yes, I will tell you now I am a Spike apologist. I also have to say that the season is chilling to rewatch considering that its Big Bad, much like in the year of our lord 2026, is a group of absolute loser nerds.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275581\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/15-the-trio\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/15-The-Trio.avif\" data-orig-size=\"1200,700\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"15 The Trio\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;We&amp;#8217;re your arch nemesis-es.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/15-The-Trio.avif\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275581\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/15-The-Trio.avif\" alt=\"The trio buffy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/15-The-Trio.avif 1200w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/15-The-Trio-300x175.avif 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/15-The-Trio-768x448.avif 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/15-The-Trio-60x35.avif 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/15-The-Trio-50x29.avif 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/> We&#8217;re your arch nemesis-es.<\/span>\n<p>Not coincidentally, at least in regards to my thesis here, all of Season 6 is driven by Buffy\u2019s grief. She has now been faced with the worst possible thing. Not her mother\u2019s death, and not even her own. It\u2019s the fact that death is now at last real\u2014and in fact Season 6 makes so much literal that was previously metaphorical\u2014but crucially, not for <em>her<\/em>. She experiences heaven, where she has what she has always wanted, she has finally achieved the mission: she knows everyone she loves is safe. (As a parent, the allure of this is basically indescribable.) And then she is returned to reality. Buffy will not be allowed to rest.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275582\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/16-after-life\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/16-After-Life.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1366,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"16 After Life\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;I was torn out of there. By my friends.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/16-After-Life-1240x697.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275582\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/16-After-Life-1240x697.jpg\" alt=\"after life buffy\" width=\"1240\" height=\"697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/16-After-Life-1240x697.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/16-After-Life-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/16-After-Life-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/16-After-Life-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/16-After-Life-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/16-After-Life.jpg 1366w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> I was torn out of there. By my friends.<\/span>\n<p>Obviously, she\u2019s depressed. But as the season goes on, Buffy\u2019s unhappiness becomes less about what she\u2019s lost and more about what she\u2019s become. She has been transformed not only by her death and resurrection but by her reaction to it. When she discovers that Spike can hit her again, despite the chip that keeps him from hurting humans, she begs Tara to figure out whether she is in fact still human at all, or whether she \u201ccame back wrong.\u201d When Tara says she\u2019s the same person she always was, Buffy breaks down. She can\u2019t recognize herself. She feels she shouldn\u2019t want what she wants. And it\u2019s worse that there\u2019s no mystical reason for it, because it means there\u2019s no mystical solution for it either.<\/p>\n<p>By the way, Buffy\u2019s breakdown in this scene\u2014begging Tara not to forgive her, not just for sleeping with Spike (for which Buffy hates herself to a tiresome degree), but also for treating Spike badly\u2014is a direct echo of Faith\u2019s breakdown in the first season of <i>Angel<\/i>, the end of her bad girl arc, where she ruthlessly tortures Wes, and then, when Angel comes to the rescue, fights him, but loses steam when Angel stops fighting back, and dissolves into her grief and guilt over what <i>she<\/i> has become, and winds up begging him to kill her because she&#8217;s &#8220;bad&#8221; and &#8220;evil.&#8221; This too is a recurring theme in this universe: self-excoriation as the worst possible punishment, and being forced to rely on your friends\u2014on love\u2014to rescue you from becoming truly evil. We will see this again.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275586\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/18-hells-bells-copy\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/18-Hells-Bells-copy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1080,608\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"18 Hells Bells copy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The return of Anyanka&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/18-Hells-Bells-copy.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275586\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/18-Hells-Bells-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Hells Bells \" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/18-Hells-Bells-copy.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/18-Hells-Bells-copy-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/18-Hells-Bells-copy-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/18-Hells-Bells-copy-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/18-Hells-Bells-copy-50x28.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/> The return of Anyanka<\/span>\n<p>Next, because Season 6 is relentless, Xander leaves Anya at the altar, and what happens? That&#8217;s right, in her grief, she becomes someone else: returning to the fold as a vengeance demon. Then Spike tries to force himself on Buffy, in maybe the most harrowing scene in the entire show, and becomes so disgusted with himself\u2014really with his inability to be either fully evil or fully good\u2014that he rides off to <i>also<\/i> become another person, by getting his soul back.<\/p>\n<p>Now I will have a sidebar about how much I love Spike. I know, I know, he\u2019s evil. I know, some of it\u2019s unforgiveable (see above). But he\u2019s so much <i>fun<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275587\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/19-out-for-a-walk-copy\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/19-Out-for-a-Walk-copy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"640,691\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"19 Out for a Walk copy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Something that needs nothing.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/19-Out-for-a-Walk-copy.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275587 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/19-Out-for-a-Walk-copy.jpg\" alt=\"out for a walk buffy\" width=\"640\" height=\"691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/19-Out-for-a-Walk-copy.jpg 640w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/19-Out-for-a-Walk-copy-278x300.jpg 278w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/19-Out-for-a-Walk-copy-56x60.jpg 56w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/19-Out-for-a-Walk-copy-46x50.jpg 46w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Everything Spike does is motivated by love. The man\u2019s a poet, after all. The writers can\u2019t decide whether Spike\u2019s a badass or not\u2014he can either fight almost as well as Buffy, and on one memorable occasion better than Angel, <i>or<\/i> he gets immediately knocked down, depending on the narrative requirements of the scene\u2014but the way he <em>loves<\/em> is consistent. He goes all in, no matter how embarrassing it may be. As he tells us in Season 3, \u201cI may be love\u2019s bitch, but at least I\u2019m man enough to admit it.\u201d Kurt Vonnegut famously said, in a list of advice to writers, that every character should want something, even if it is only a glass of water. And Whedon knows what he\u2019s doing\u2014everyone in both shows always wants something. But no one\u2014<em>no one<\/em>\u2014is thirstier than Spike. You really have to love him for it.<\/p>\n<p>Then there\u2019s Willow. When Warren kills Tara, Willow\u2019s grief is so immense that it not only transforms her into another person, but it almost destroys the entire world.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275588\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/20-dark-willow\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20-Dark-Willow.jpeg\" data-orig-size=\"1069,833\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"20 Dark Willow\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Was I a good witch or a bad witch?&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20-Dark-Willow.jpeg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275588\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20-Dark-Willow.jpeg\" alt=\"Dark Willow\" width=\"1069\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20-Dark-Willow.jpeg 1069w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20-Dark-Willow-300x234.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20-Dark-Willow-768x598.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20-Dark-Willow-60x47.jpeg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20-Dark-Willow-50x39.jpeg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1069px) 100vw, 1069px\" \/> Was I a good witch or a bad witch?<\/span>\n<p>What I really love about the Dark Willow arc is how quickly and subtly the show manipulates our sympathies and sense of morality. I\u2019ll just speak for myself and say that in \u201cVillains,\u201d the episode after Tara\u2019s death, I\u2019m on Willow\u2019s side. She wants to hunt and kill Warren? Get him, girl. It\u2019s shocking, because of the show\u2019s internal morality system, to see him flayed like that in the forest, but it\u2019s not <i>not <\/i>satisfying. I know Buffy\u2019s got her code, and we\u2019ve been primed, via Faith, to understand that killing another human is at least the <em>door<\/em> to the path of no return, but the man clearly deserves it, and the show does nothing to convince us otherwise. I still trust Willow in this moment, and no tears will be shed for Warren.<\/p>\n<p>This is of course despite the fact that right <i>before<\/i> she kills Warren, she says \u201cbored now,\u201d which we have heard her say before, but only as a soulless vampire. Chef&#8217;s kiss, writers, and another example of how the show continues to return to these same questions: What causes you to become another person? And then what is the relationship of that person to whoever you were before? Honestly, we could talk for a whole other hour about the relationship between people\u2019s selves and vampire selves\u2014it wasn\u2019t <i>Angel<\/i> who killed Jenny Calendar, we tell ourselves, it was Angelus. But the borders are porous. Buffy says \u201cYou die, and a demon sets up shop in your old house, and it walks, and it talks, and it remembers your life, but it&#8217;s not you.\u201d But that\u2019s not entirely true, is it? It\u2019s more complicated than that. Spike was lovesick in life and he is lovesick in unlife. Drusilla was driven insane before she was killed, and she stayed insane. Vampire Willow is \u201ckinda gay\u201d long before Willow knows she is\u2014which doesn\u2019t have great implications, despite the show&#8217;s later groundbreaking work in this area, but goes to show that the vampire is more than just a demon wearing the skin of its victim. The demon is inextricably connected to its victim. They may even be one and the same, two sides of the same coin.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275589\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/20b-doppelgangland\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20b-Doppelgangland.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"20b Doppelgangland\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Bored now.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20b-Doppelgangland.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275589\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20b-Doppelgangland.jpg\" alt=\"Doppelgangland\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20b-Doppelgangland.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20b-Doppelgangland-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20b-Doppelgangland-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20b-Doppelgangland-60x45.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20b-Doppelgangland-50x38.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/> The <em>sweater<\/em>.<\/span>\n<p>Anyway, I still trust Willow at the end of \u201cVillains,\u201d until the very next moment, when she says \u201cOne down.\u201d The implication being clear: she\u2019s going to kill the rest of the Trio. Warren is evil, and Andrew is kinda evil, but Jonathan is really not. (Wasn&#8217;t he, not so long ago, presenting Buffy with a bejeweled umbrella to thank her for saving everyone&#8217;s life so much?) And then, in the next episode, cunningly titled \u201cTwo to Go,\u201d Willow becomes increasingly unpalatable, because she becomes increasingly not herself, despite her friends\u2019 insistence that she is.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is still Willow we\u2019re dealing with, right?\u201d Xander asks at the beginning of the episode. This is the question.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI hope so,\u201d Buffy tells him.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275590\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/20c-dark-willow-2\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2.avif\" data-orig-size=\"1800,900\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"20c Dark Willow 2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;A rank, arrogant, amateur?&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2-1240x620.avif\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275590\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2-1240x620.avif\" alt=\"Dark Willow 2\" width=\"1240\" height=\"620\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2-1240x620.avif 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2-300x150.avif 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2-768x384.avif 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2-60x30.avif 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2-1536x768.avif 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2-50x25.avif 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/20c-Dark-Willow-2.avif 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Or a rank, arrogant, amateur?<\/span>\n<p>When Buffy confronts Willow in Rack\u2019s den, she affirms it, somewhat speculatively: \u201cyou\u2019re still Willow,\u201d she says. But Dark Willow has disavowed her previous self, except for one aspect. It\u2019s right there in the pronouns. \u201cLet me tell you something about Willow,\u201d she says. \u201cShe\u2019s a loser and always has been. She got picked on through junior high, high school, right up until college. With her stupid mousy ways. And now? Willow&#8217;s a junkie. The only thing Willow was ever good for&#8230;the only thing I ever had going for me were those moments, just moments, where Tara would look at me and I was wonderful. And that will never happen again.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Here the grief of losing Tara so unmoors Willow that it almost entirely separates her from herself, to the point where she wants to obliterate the person she was before. As Dark Willow, she is actively trying to kill her own childhood. Compare this to Buffy\u2019s retreat into duty at the loss of her mother, her last true connection to her childhood, and Xander\u2019s desperation to cling to his own, in his parents\u2019 basement, before pushing it away by proposing to Anya, until he realizes that he actually can\u2019t force himself to grow up, and that he\u2019s not ready.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275591\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/21-osiris\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2340,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"21 Osiris\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;You call this natural?&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris-1240x572.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275591\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris-1240x572.jpg\" alt=\"Osiris\" width=\"1240\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris-1240x572.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris-768x354.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris-60x28.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris-1536x709.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris-2048x945.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/21-Osiris-50x23.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> You call this natural?<\/span>\n<p>As with Joyce\u2019s death, there\u2019s nothing that all the Scoobies\u2019 amassed and amassing powers can do about Tara\u2019s death, because it is \u201cnatural.\u201d And again, these sequences carry real emotional weight for the audience, because this is what death and grief really feels like: being faced with our utter powerlessness against the universe, when the rest of our lives are built around the fantasy that we have at least some measure of control. This episode dramatizes the shock of experiencing something truly irreversible.<\/p>\n<p>The Dark Willow sequence ends, of course, with Xander bringing Willow back by telling her repeatedly that he loves her\u2014plus the \u201cgood\u201d magic Giles brought from Devon\u2014and alas, we repeat the \u201cpowerful woman beating weakly at the chest of a man being kind to her while breaking down\u201d scene we\u2019ve seen before. But even as it\u2019s devastatingly corny, it still makes me tear up. Such is the power, and so on.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275592\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/22-yellow-crayon\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2436,1125\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"22 Yellow Crayon\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Color theory in action.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon-1240x573.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275592\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon-1240x573.jpg\" alt=\"Yellow Crayon buffy\" width=\"1240\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon-1240x573.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon-300x139.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon-768x355.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon-60x28.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon-1536x709.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon-2048x946.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/22-Yellow-Crayon-50x23.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Color theory in action.<\/span>\n<p>\u201cKilling people changes you,\u201d Buffy says in this episode, and she\u2019s right. But clearly so does living while other people are killed.<\/p>\n<p>Of course none of this exists in a vacuum.<\/p>\n<p>As the characters experience grief, and are changed by it, so too are the fans. This is not specific to <i>Buffy<\/i>, but can happen in anything with such a strong fandom: the grief of the characters and the grief of the viewers is intertwined. Tara and Willow were groundbreaking characters at the time, and Tara\u2019s death caused real grief in fans who did not expect the Bury Your Gays trope to appear in this show. When Amber Benson, the actress who plays Tara, was asked to reappear as the First Evil, who could impersonate anyone dead, she said no, because she thought that seeing Tara be evil would be too painful for the fans. She wanted to protect the people who saw themselves for the first time on television in Tara and Willow\u2019s relationship from having to feel further grief. Supposedly, Whedon was even going to write Tara back in at the end of Season 7, bring her back to life with basically a wish, and Benson refused even that, because she didn\u2019t trust him with the character. Good on her.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275593\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/23-tara-and-willow\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/23-Tara-and-Willow.avif\" data-orig-size=\"1200,675\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"23 Tara and Willow\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;I know what they see in me. &lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/23-Tara-and-Willow.avif\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275593\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/23-Tara-and-Willow.avif\" alt=\"Tara and Willow\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/23-Tara-and-Willow.avif 1200w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/23-Tara-and-Willow-300x169.avif 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/23-Tara-and-Willow-768x432.avif 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/23-Tara-and-Willow-60x34.avif 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/23-Tara-and-Willow-50x28.avif 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/> I know what they see in me.<\/span>\n<p>My father was a Buddhist, and he would say that everything is impermanent, and ultimately, all grief comes from the delusion that it isn\u2019t. It is the result of holding on too tightly to the people and things and ideas we love and understand. It comes from the difficulty of change. So again, <i>Buffy <\/i>is all about grief, because <i>Buffy <\/i>is about being a teenager, and being a teenager is, ultimately, about change. But there\u2019s another kind of grief, too, which is not about change at all, but about stasis\u2014or at least about accepting, or failing to accept, the inevitable. This is something I am becoming familiar with as I become middle-aged. And this is what <i>Angel <\/i>is about.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275594\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/24-are-you-now-or-have-you-ever-been-copy\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/24-Are-You-Now-or-Have-You-Ever-Been-copy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"853,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"24 Are You Now or Have You Ever Been copy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Are you now, or have you ever been?&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/24-Are-You-Now-or-Have-You-Ever-Been-copy.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275594\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/24-Are-You-Now-or-Have-You-Ever-Been-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Are You Now or Have You Ever Been\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/24-Are-You-Now-or-Have-You-Ever-Been-copy.jpg 853w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/24-Are-You-Now-or-Have-You-Ever-Been-copy-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/24-Are-You-Now-or-Have-You-Ever-Been-copy-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/24-Are-You-Now-or-Have-You-Ever-Been-copy-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/24-Are-You-Now-or-Have-You-Ever-Been-copy-50x28.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\" \/> Are you now, or have you ever been?<\/span>\n<p>Consider the way <i>Angel<\/i>, the show, deals with Buffy\u2019s death\u2014with the caveat that this moment coincides with the two shows&#8217; debuts on different and competing networks, so there\u2019s some incentive to get past it quickly. At the beginning of Season 3, Angel returns after three months in a monastery, where he went to go \u201cdeal,\u201d offscreen, with the death of the love of his life. (For some reason, even though he\u2019s been there for months, he only realizes the monks are demons on the last day.) Upon his return, he kills a vampire wearing a necklace, realizing too late that he\u2019d known her back in his cutting-a-swath-through-Europe days. She\u2019d been madly in love with another vampire, James, who then of course shows up to take his revenge, having cut out his own heart to become temporarily invincible, before dissolving into dust. Another case of grief being transformative, and another case of love as sacrifice. But the message here is really contrary to what we\u2019ve seen in <i>Buffy<\/i>. James\u2019s obsessive love, his unwillingness to go on without his beloved, is treated as childish, if not a version of sweaty insanity.<\/p>\n<p>In their confrontation, Cordelia tells James that Angel loved someone too, and that she died, but James can\u2019t believe that Angel truly loved someone, \u201cbecause when she died, or when some bastard killed her, it would have killed everything in you.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThat\u2019s your idea of love, James?\u201d Angel asks scornfully. \u201cIt\u2019s not real unless it kills you?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYeah, what\u2019s yours?\u201d he replies. \u201cIt\u2019s fun as long as it doesn\u2019t cost me anything?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>At the end of the episode, Cordelia asks Angel what\u2019s wrong; she thinks he\u2019s still feeling grief over Buffy. But Angel tells her that the problem is that he is okay, that losing Buffy didn\u2019t kill him, and it feels like he\u2019s betraying Buffy somehow by continuing to exist. Codelia says that he\u2019s honoring her by continuing to fight and help people. And then . . . they get back to work. Compare that to the way that Buffy dealt with Angel\u2019s death, and the way that Willow dealt with Tara\u2019s death. <i>Angel <\/i>asserts itself then as subscribing to a different code: a more adult mode of acceptance.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275595\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/25-the-oracles\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/25-The-Oracles.png\" data-orig-size=\"1100,687\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"25 The Oracles\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Historically accurate.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/25-The-Oracles.png\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275595\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/25-The-Oracles.png\" alt=\"The Oracles\" width=\"1100\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/25-The-Oracles.png 1100w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/25-The-Oracles-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/25-The-Oracles-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/25-The-Oracles-60x37.png 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/25-The-Oracles-50x31.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" \/> Historically accurate.<\/span>\n<p>Relatedly, <i>Angel <\/i>is much more concerned with the idea of fate and free will than <i>Buffy <\/i>is. Neither show has a particularly coherent relationship to religion, but in <i>Angel <\/i>there are the Powers That Be, with corporeal (or at least killable) Oracles dressed in vaguely Grecian outfits, not to mention senior partners with variously embodied conduits, and most importantly, prophecies. While the first season of <i>Buffy <\/i>does feature one prominent prophecy, the prophecy is a major repeated device in <i>Angel<\/i>. The main one is obviously the Shanshu Prophecy, which declares that the vampire with a soul will play a pivotal role in the apocalypse and then become human; there\u2019s also the one that sends Wesley into his final form, which we&#8217;ll get to. The contrast is this: in <i>Buffy <\/i>there\u2019s always the sense that the Scoobies have agency, that things can be changed if they just figure out the key, the plan, the secret weakness. Just look at how the show ends: with no other path forward, the characters literally <em>change the show&#8217;s premise<\/em>. They remake their own reality. But in <i>Angel<\/i>, our heroes know that they are always fighting a losing battle. There is no path, forward or back. There is only attrition, if they\u2019re lucky. They\u2019re always betting against the house, sometimes very literally; they\u2019re always fighting City Hall, until, in Season 5, they become it. And then they <em>still<\/em> have to fight it, only from within.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275596\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/26-paperwork\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-Paperwork.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"26 Paperwork\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Death and taxes.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-Paperwork-1240x698.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275596\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-Paperwork-1240x698.jpg\" alt=\"Paperwork\" width=\"1240\" height=\"698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-Paperwork-1240x698.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-Paperwork-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-Paperwork-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-Paperwork-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-Paperwork-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/26-Paperwork.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Death and taxes.<\/span>\n<p>At the end of Season 4 of <i>Angel<\/i>, which is a mess except for the Jasmine arc, an undead Lilah offers the gang Wolfram and Hart, as a reward, sort of, for ending world peace by defeating Jasmine\u2014because in <i>Angel<\/i>, no matter what you do, you do evil too. Angel\u2019s son Connor has his own version of the Willow crisis, wiring a bunch of civilian hostages up to bombs, including a comatose (but still showing up for work) Cordelia. \u201cThere\u2019s only one thing that ever changes anything, and that\u2019s death,\u201d he says. \u201cEverything else is just a lie. You can\u2019t be saved by a lie. You can\u2019t be saved at all.\u201d And lest we suspect that this is only a moody complaint from the teenager from hell (literally), Angel gives ghost-Spike a similar speech at the beginning of Season 5: \u201cYou think any of it matters? The things we did, the lives we destroyed, that\u2019s all that\u2019s ever gonna count. So yeah, surprise: you\u2019re going to hell. We both are.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThen why even bother?\u201d Spike asks. \u201cTry to do the right thing, make a difference.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat else are we gonna do,\u201d says Angel.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275597\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/27-destiny\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27-Destiny.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"27 Destiny\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;All this for a little Mountain Dew.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27-Destiny.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275597\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27-Destiny.jpg\" alt=\"Destiny angel and spike\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27-Destiny.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27-Destiny-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27-Destiny-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27-Destiny-60x40.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27-Destiny-50x33.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/> All this for a little Mountain Dew.<\/span>\n<p>Later, when Spike becomes corporeal again, reality starts to unravel, because \u201cthe wheel of destiny\u201d gets, basically, confused about to whom the Shanshu prophecy refers. Of course, when Angel and Spike go to fight to the death over who gets to be the world\u2019s champion, and Spike comes out holding the magical goblet, they find that . . . it\u2019s filled with Mountain Dew. It was all a scam, perpetrated by Lindsey, in his triumphant tattooed return. But this is the question that <i>Angel <\/i>is continually turning over, asking from one direction and the other: do we have free will? Do we have a destiny, or even a purpose? And if we do, so what? And if we don\u2019t, so what? In <i>Angel<\/i>, unlike in <i>Buffy<\/i>, there\u2019s always someone above you, pulling the strings. Buffy accepts no authority other than her own\u2014she fires the Watchers Council when they try to assert it. In <i>Angel<\/i>, everybody has a boss.<\/p>\n<p>So if <i>Buffy <\/i>is about the grief of being a teenager, <i>Angel <\/i>is about the grief of adulthood: Of having to face reality. Of recognizing the Sisyphean task ahead, the endless, unchanging road diminishing in the distance, and taking another step anyway. Even at the end, when it\u2019s THE apocalypse, not AN apocalypse, Lindsey tells Angel it\u2019s actually been in progress all along. \u201cThe world keeps sliding toward entropy and degradation.\u201d Don\u2019t we know it.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275598\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/27b-not-fade-away\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27b-Not-Fade-Away.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,563\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"27b Not Fade Away\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;One last stand.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27b-Not-Fade-Away.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275598\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27b-Not-Fade-Away.jpg\" alt=\"Not Fade Away angel\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27b-Not-Fade-Away.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27b-Not-Fade-Away-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27b-Not-Fade-Away-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27b-Not-Fade-Away-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/27b-Not-Fade-Away-50x28.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/> One last stand.<\/span>\n<p>This is not to say that there is no change in <i>Angel<\/i>. In fact, it is the primary site of what I\u2019d argue is the greatest, or at least the longest, character arc of the Buffyverse, which is itself driven by grief, and which belongs to Wesley Wyndham-Price.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275599\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/28-wes-a-copy\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2491,1868\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"28 Wes A copy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;You try not to get anybody killed, you wind up getting everybody killed.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy-1240x930.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275599\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy-1240x930.jpg\" alt=\"Wes Buffy\" width=\"1240\" height=\"930\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy-1240x930.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy-60x45.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/28-Wes-A-copy-50x37.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> You try not to get anybody killed, you wind up getting everybody killed.<\/span>\n<p>Wesley first appears in Season 3 of <i>Buffy<\/i> as an ineffectual, pompous dork, sent by the ever confusing (and honestly, poorly conceived) Watcher\u2019s Council, who lusts after a teenage Cordelia and is constantly being knocked down. The last we see of him in <i>Buffy <\/i>is literally crawling around underfoot during the final battle with the Mayor, mewling \u201cget some help here?.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>When he comes back, midway through the first season of <i>Angel<\/i>, as a ROGUE DEMON HUNTER (\u201cwhat\u2019s a rogue demon?\u201d), having been fired by the Watcher\u2019s Council for incompetence, he seems like he\u2019s there to replace Doyle as the Xander, but he doesn\u2019t. Instead he becomes the Giles, which makes sense, and slowly, particularly after impersonating Angel for a while, he gets braver and more useful, and eventually he even steps in as the leader of the group when Angel is being unbearably emo. But what really happens to Wesley is that, in Season 3 of <i>Angel<\/i>, he falls in love.<\/p>\n<p>Wes falls in love with Fred, the manic pixie dream physicist they rescue in Pylea, and just as he\u2019s thinking he might tell her about it, he is infected by a demonic congressman\u2019s son who causes any man he comes in contact with to become violently misogynistic. Crucially, Gunn comes to Fred\u2019s rescue. But even more crucially, the experience doesn\u2019t traumatize Fred, who recognizes that Wes was under someone else\u2019s power\u2014instead, the transformation traumatizes Wes himself. He is so deeply shaken by this glimpse at what he fears is something deep within him that he basically gives up on his feelings for a while. When he does decide to try again to declare his feelings for Fred, he\u2019s too late, and he sees her making out with Gunn instead.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275600\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/29-wes-angel-connor\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/29-Wes-Angel-Connor.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1250,703\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"29 Wes Angel Connor\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The father will kill the son (?)&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/29-Wes-Angel-Connor-1240x697.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275600\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/29-Wes-Angel-Connor-1240x697.jpg\" alt=\"Wes Angel Connor\" width=\"1240\" height=\"697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/29-Wes-Angel-Connor-1240x697.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/29-Wes-Angel-Connor-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/29-Wes-Angel-Connor-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/29-Wes-Angel-Connor-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/29-Wes-Angel-Connor-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/29-Wes-Angel-Connor.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> The father will kill the son (?)<\/span>\n<p>It is in this mindset\u2014the same episode\u2014that Wes discovers a prophecy that he believes means Angel will kill his child. Because at this point, true to the show being about adulthood, there\u2019s a baby. (My kingdom for the Host as a Nanny.) Increasingly isolated and paranoid\u2014his fears being fueled by Wolfram &amp; Hart\u2019s manipulations\u2014Wes kidnaps the baby Connor, intending to take him to safety.<\/p>\n<p>Instead Justine shows up to slit his throat and take the baby from him, leaving him for dead; the child winds up disappearing with Holtz into a hell dimension.<\/p>\n<p>Connor\u2019s kidnapping, by the way, is the moment of Angel\u2019s greatest grief\u2014there is no greater grief than the loss of a child\u2014and this does change him, much more so than Buffy\u2019s death. Like Tara\u2019s death for Willow, Connor\u2019s disappearance rewrites the laws of morality for Angel. It seems at first like it won\u2019t\u2014in \u201cForgiving,\u201d Lorne tells Angel that \u201cmaybe the way to start forgiving yourself is to forgive him,\u201d which is a pretty typical message for both shows. Your friends make it better, and in the process, save you from becoming evil. Angel forgives Faith. Xander forgives Willow. Healing comes from love. The Slayer lives because she has friends. Etc.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275601\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/30-forgiving\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/30-Forgiving.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"596,335\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"30 Forgiving\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;The opposite of Cordelia&amp;#8217;s hospital scene.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/30-Forgiving.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275601\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/30-Forgiving.jpg\" alt=\"Forgiving angel\" width=\"596\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/30-Forgiving.jpg 596w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/30-Forgiving-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/30-Forgiving-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/30-Forgiving-50x28.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 596px) 100vw, 596px\" \/> The opposite of Cordelia&#8217;s hospital scene.<\/span>\n<p>But Angel <i>doesn\u2019t<\/i> forgive Wesley. Angel goes to the hospital to see Wes, acting all worried. He goes into his room, where Wes is unable to speak, and tells him he understands why he did it, that he knows about the prophecy, and how hard it must have been for him to do what he did. He acknowledges that Wes thought he was going to turn evil, and then he says, \u201cI didn\u2019t. It\u2019s important you know that. This isn\u2019t Angelus talking, it\u2019s me, Angel. You know that, right?\u201d Wes nods, and then Angel proceeds to try to suffocate him with a pillow, screaming \u201cyou think I forgive you? Never! You\u2019re gonna die, you hear me? You\u2019re gonna pay! You\u2019re a dead man, I\u2019ll kill you!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>This does not turn Wesley fully evil, though it might have. Men have been red-pilled by less. It does turn him very, very dark. This reflects <i>Angel<\/i>\u2019s stance that adulthood is basically a battle of attrition; the goal of Wolfram &amp; Hart for so long is to turn Angel evil\u2014and then, once they see the opportunity in his grief, they start trying to turn Wesley evil too. In the last episode of Season 3, he starts sleeping with the enemy, Lilah; when he\u2019s cold to her afterward, she says \u201cSo your former boss has a soul, and you\u2019re losing yours. You\u2019re just new all over aren\u2019t you?\u201d Later, he keeps Justine in a cage in his apartment. When he starts gradually coming back to the Hyperion to help, he\u2019s so changed that Gunn asks \u201cWhat happened to you, man?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Wes replies, \u201cI had my throat cut and all my friends abandoned me.\u201d Which about sums it up.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275603\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/31-dark-wes\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/31-Dark-Wes.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1250,703\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"31 Dark Wes\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;All those hours locked under the stairs and you still weren&amp;#8217;t good enough. Not good enough for daddy, not good enough for the Council.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/31-Dark-Wes-1240x697.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275603\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/31-Dark-Wes-1240x697.jpg\" alt=\"Wes Angel\" width=\"1240\" height=\"697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/31-Dark-Wes-1240x697.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/31-Dark-Wes-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/31-Dark-Wes-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/31-Dark-Wes-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/31-Dark-Wes-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/31-Dark-Wes.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> All those hours locked under the stairs and you still weren&#8217;t good enough. Not good enough for daddy, not good enough for the Council.<\/span>\n<p>Another character transformed by grief, and possibly the worst grief that the internal logic of the show can muster at this point: Wes\u2019s friends give up on him, and this is the hardest thing for him to come back from. And still he refrains from actually turning to the dark side. His final revenge against Faith, perhaps. He really is better than her.<\/p>\n<p>But in Season 5, after Angel has erased everyone\u2019s memories of his son, and also what Wes did, he\u2019s back with the group, and still in love with Fred, a love so strong he kills his own father to protect her without a second thought. (Even if his father turned out to be a robot, he still did it.) And finally, finally, at the end of \u201cSmile Time,\u201d the 14th episode of Season 5, Wes and Fred get together.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275604\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/32-smile-time-copy\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/32-Smile-Time-copy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"740,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"32 Smile Time copy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Everybody loves puppets.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/32-Smile-Time-copy.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275604\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/32-Smile-Time-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Smile Time\" width=\"740\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/32-Smile-Time-copy.jpg 740w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/32-Smile-Time-copy-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/32-Smile-Time-copy-60x32.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/32-Smile-Time-copy-50x27.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/> Everybody loves puppets.<\/span>\n<p>\u201cSmile Time\u201d is, if you recall, the one with the puppets, and it\u2019s ridiculous, and great\u2014and also a cruel and unusual trick, perfectly calibrated to lull you into submission, so that when you come to the next episode, \u201cA Hole in the World,\u201d you\u2019ll be even more devastated.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275605\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/33-a-hole-in-the-world-copy\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-scaled.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1399\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"33 A Hole in the World copy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;It seems like we ought to have known.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-1240x678.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275605\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-1240x678.jpg\" alt=\"A Hole in the World\" width=\"1240\" height=\"678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-1240x678.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-768x420.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-60x33.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-1536x840.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-2048x1120.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/33-A-Hole-in-the-World-copy-50x27.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> It seems like we ought to have known.<\/span>\n<p>In \u201cA Hole in the World,\u201d Fred breathes in some mummy dust and dies. But slowly. And ultimately in Wes\u2019s arms. (This is actually very similar in structure to Tara\u2019s death\u2014she died just after getting back together with Willow, so it\u2019s the rug-pull of finally getting the girl only for her to die, literally on you; in fact in both cases the survivor finds themselves suddenly splattered with their lover\u2019s blood during what, just a second ago, was a sweet moment. Also, come to think of it, Jenny is also killed just when she and Giles reconcile\u2014what happened to you, Joss?)<\/p>\n<p>Like Joyce and Tara\u2019s deaths, Fred\u2019s death is almost unbearably realistic, but it stands alone in another way: this is the slowest on-screen death in the Buffyverse; it takes an entire episode. It upends the unspoken truth of the show: that the gang always solves the problem in the nick of time. Instead, you suffer all episode, and then she dies.<\/p>\n<p>Fred\u2019s body is taken over by the Old One Illyria, which complicates the grief, both for the viewer and for Wesley. Wes agrees to help Illyria find her way in the world, admitting that it\u2019s because she looks like Fred. Except, you know, she\u2019s blue. Though Wes is tortured by Fred\u2019s death and by Illyria, having the \u201cshell\u201d there somehow mitigates his grief, or he wouldn\u2019t do it\u2014though he repeatedly asks her not to look like Fred. He doesn\u2019t want to forget what\u2019s real. And for the viewer, or at least for me, the pain of losing the character is tempered by not losing the actor. Holding on to the scraps brings comfort, even if we\u2019re only fooling ourselves.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275606\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/34-illyria\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34-Illyria.png\" data-orig-size=\"1100,687\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"34 Illyria\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;I wish to do more violence.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34-Illyria.png\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275606\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34-Illyria.png\" alt=\"Illyria\" width=\"1100\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34-Illyria.png 1100w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34-Illyria-300x187.png 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34-Illyria-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34-Illyria-60x37.png 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/34-Illyria-50x31.png 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\" \/> I wish to do more violence.<\/span>\n<p>\u201cIs there anything in this life but grief?\u201d Illyria asks at the end of \u201cShells.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s love,\u201d Wesley says. \u201cThere\u2019s hope, for some. There\u2019s hope that you\u2019ll find something worthy. That your life will lead you to some joy. That after everything, you can still be surprised.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIs that enough?\u201d she asks. \u201cIs that enough to live on?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There is no answer. What answer could there be?<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275607\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/35-lie-to-me\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/35-Lie-to-Me.png\" data-orig-size=\"1322,734\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"35 Lie to Me\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;It was good that you came.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/35-Lie-to-Me-1240x688.png\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275607\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/35-Lie-to-Me-1240x688.png\" alt=\"angel lie to me\" width=\"1240\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/35-Lie-to-Me-1240x688.png 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/35-Lie-to-Me-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/35-Lie-to-Me-768x426.png 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/35-Lie-to-Me-60x33.png 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/35-Lie-to-Me-50x28.png 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/35-Lie-to-Me.png 1322w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> It was good that you came.<\/span>\n<p>In Wesley\u2019s final scene, in the last episode of <i>Angel<\/i>, he finally allows Illyria to lie to him and transform into Fred, so he can pretend to be with her in his dying moments. And she does, echoing the real Fred\u2019s own death, with extra resonance, as Illyria too has developed feelings for Wesley. In the end, it\u2019s a transformation not because of grief, but to alleviate it. They each die in the other one\u2019s arms. Or, almost. This kind of orchestral pain\u2014built up over years, mirrored back and forth between the characters, approached slant and head on at once\u2014is where the Buffyverse is at its best.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275608\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/36-much-ado\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado.avif\" data-orig-size=\"2048,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"36 Much Ado\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Thanks, I needed that.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado-1240x654.avif\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275608\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado-1240x654.avif\" alt=\"Much Ado about nothing\" width=\"1240\" height=\"654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado-1240x654.avif 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado-300x158.avif 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado-768x405.avif 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado-60x32.avif 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado-1536x810.avif 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado-50x26.avif 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/36-Much-Ado.avif 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Thanks, I needed that.<\/span>\n<p>By the way, I just have to say, I\u2019ve never had this experience before or since, but despite knowing that Amy Acker and Alexis Denisof are actors, I felt incredible catharsis, years later, when I watched the opening of Whedon\u2019s 2012 adaptation of <i>Much Ado About Nothing<\/i>, in which Acker\u2019s Beatrice and Denisof\u2019s Benedick sleep together. (I\u2019ll say nothing about this <i>interpretation<\/i> of my favorite Shakespeare play.) If anyone hasn\u2019t seen it, I must recommend. It will make you feel better. This is apropos of nothing except the success of the tragedy in <i>Angel<\/i>, and the way grief\u2014even fictional grief\u2014can linger.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275609\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/37-kendra-drusilla\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/37-Kendra-Drusilla.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,720\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"37 Kendra Drusilla\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Where&amp;#8217;s Mr. Pointy??&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/37-Kendra-Drusilla-1240x698.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275609\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/37-Kendra-Drusilla-1240x698.jpg\" alt=\"Kendra Drusilla\" width=\"1240\" height=\"698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/37-Kendra-Drusilla-1240x698.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/37-Kendra-Drusilla-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/37-Kendra-Drusilla-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/37-Kendra-Drusilla-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/37-Kendra-Drusilla-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/37-Kendra-Drusilla.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Where&#8217;s Mr. Pointy??<\/span>\n<p>It\u2019s worth pointing out who doesn\u2019t get grieved\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/how-buffy-the-vampire-slayer-mishandled-characters-of-color\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kendra\u2019s death seems to affect none of the other characters<\/a>, though you might have imagined it would crush Buffy a little more, and Anya\u2019s, after all that, feels like a throwaway. Cordelia\u2019s long-delayed death is swept under the rug, and her entire third act is badly mishandled, which in retrospect seems to be about Whedon\u2019s toxic behavior towards Charisma Carpenter, and therefore something I don\u2019t really accept as canon, but feels necessary to mention here.<\/p>\n<p>I also just have to mention that, despite the overt feminism of the show, it\u2019s overwhelmingly women who die for real in <i>Buffy<\/i>. Jonathan does get it at the end there, but setting aside the finale of <i>Angel<\/i>, in which arguably everyone dies, I think every other character that we really care about who we lose for good is a woman. Just food for thought.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275610\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/38-vampyr-copy\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/38-Vampyr-copy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1366,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"38 Vampyr copy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;I know what you&amp;#8217;re after.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/38-Vampyr-copy-1240x697.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275610\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/38-Vampyr-copy-1240x697.jpg\" alt=\"Vampyr\" width=\"1240\" height=\"697\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/38-Vampyr-copy-1240x697.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/38-Vampyr-copy-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/38-Vampyr-copy-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/38-Vampyr-copy-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/38-Vampyr-copy-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/38-Vampyr-copy.jpg 1366w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> I know what you&#8217;re after.<\/span>\n<p>I promised to talk about why writers love Buffy, so I\u2019ll end with that.<\/p>\n<p>Plenty of high profile writers have <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/10-famous-writers-on-loving-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talked publicly about their love for the show<\/a>. I already mentioned Women\u2019s Prize for Fiction winner Naomi Alderman. There&#8217;s also Kelly Link, recipient of a MacArthur Genius Grant, who wrote a short story\u2014it\u2019s the title story of her collection <a href=\"https:\/\/bookshop.org\/a\/132\/9780812986518\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><i>Magic for Beginners<\/i><\/a>\u2014about the experience of watching <i>Buffy<\/i>. It reads sort of like a love letter and also like a wish. She\u2019s said that she wondered what the characters of her favorite fantasy shows might themselves like to watch on television and started from there, but the thing that I really appreciate about this story as it relates to <i>Buffy <\/i>is that it\u2019s a literary representation of the kind of slippage you feel when you\u2019re this connected to a cultural artifact. It\u2019s both dream <i>Buffy <\/i>and dream watching-<i>Buffy<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s bestseller Lev Grossman, who says <a href=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/fantasy-is-about-power-an-interview-with-lev-grossman\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he couldn\u2019t have written<\/a> <i>The Magicians <\/i>without <i>Buffy<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>The Booker Prize-winning novelist\u2014and I\u2019m mostly telling you everyone\u2019s accolades here so we can all feel in good company about our correct opinions\u2014Marlon James has called <i>Buffy<\/i> \u201cthe only show I can remember that often left me breathless and in wonder, or put another way, the only show that without fail had at least one instant each episode that had me saying I wish I wrote that.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>I think that\u2019s it, on the most basic of levels. I think we all wish we wrote it.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275614\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/3-homecoming\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming.avif\" data-orig-size=\"1920,960\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"3 Homecoming\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Competition. Competition is a beautiful thing. Makes us strive. Makes us accomplish. Makes us kill. &lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming-1240x620.avif\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275614\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming-1240x620.avif\" alt=\"Homecoming buffy\" width=\"1240\" height=\"620\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming-1240x620.avif 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming-300x150.avif 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming-768x384.avif 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming-60x30.avif 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming-1536x768.avif 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming-50x25.avif 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/3-Homecoming.avif 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Competition. Competition is a beautiful thing. Makes us strive. Makes us accomplish. Makes us kill.<\/span>\n<p>People come to literature for many different things. More things, I&#8217;d argue, than they come to television for. As a lifelong Nabokov dork, I come for language, and for play, but the thing I really crave is quality of mind. I\u2019m always looking for a unique consciousness, some other way of seeing the world, that is inaccessible to me otherwise. This might come from language, or narrative voice, or perspective. Quality of mind is something that novels tend to do better than any other medium, because of their natural bent toward interiority. Film and television are mostly shot in the third-person. Setting aside the magical powers of voiceover, we can\u2019t hear what anyone is thinking. We don\u2019t know what the inside of their mind feels like. We watch what is done and said and emoted, but the internal texture of the characters is typically absent. The closest we can get in visual media is some kind of connection to the <i>director<\/i> via their choices. Think Wes Anderson or Quentin Tarantino, both examples of directors who have punishingly cohesive viewpoints. But this isn\u2019t quite the same as a representation of a fictional consciousness. And anyway, that kind of auteurism is less common in television, particularly pre-Peak TV streaming six-episode season television, because of the format, and the number of writers, and other constraints.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275613\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/39a-ciao\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39A-ciao.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,727\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"39A ciao\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Ciao.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39A-ciao-1240x704.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275613\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39A-ciao-1240x704.jpg\" alt=\"ciao\" width=\"1240\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39A-ciao-1240x704.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39A-ciao-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39A-ciao-768x436.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39A-ciao-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39A-ciao-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39A-ciao.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Ciao.<\/span>\n<p>But in <i>Buffy <\/i>and <i>Angel,<\/i> because of the density of the storytelling and worldbuilding, it does feel as though there is a kind of larger quality of mind at play. It\u2019s not literal; there isn\u2019t a character narrating this story, unless you count Andrew in his smoking jacket, or Buffy cooking away in the insane asylum\u2014which, there\u2019s an argument. On the whole, though, there is an element of the interior in these shows that is hard to put a finger on. It\u2019s in the language, the self-referential intertextuality, the sense of humor, the overlapping metaphors. It\u2019s in what we\u2019ve been talking about here, the many different approaches to the same concept, the mirroring and repetition, stretched over years, the shows turning over the same concerns, worrying the same images, in the internal overriding logic of the narrative that feels, despite the many writers, like a kind of universal intelligence. It\u2019s a kind of consciousness built on accumulation.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275612\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/39-band-candy\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39-Band-Candy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1284,856\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"39 Band Candy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Call me, Ripper.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39-Band-Candy-1240x827.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275612\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39-Band-Candy-1240x827.jpg\" alt=\"Band Candy\" width=\"1240\" height=\"827\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39-Band-Candy-1240x827.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39-Band-Candy-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39-Band-Candy-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39-Band-Candy-60x40.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39-Band-Candy-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/39-Band-Candy.jpg 1284w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Call me, Ripper.<\/span>\n<p>There\u2019s also the fact that <i>Buffy <\/i>and especially <i>Angel <\/i>still feel, after all this, like secrets. Fellow &#8220;The Pack&#8221; convert and critic <a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/culture\/culture-desk\/cahiers-du-buffy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emily Nussbaum has written<\/a> that the show\u2019s low-budget visuals, its inherent campiness, kept it from being widely viewed and appreciated when it aired\u2014as she points out, the flashy, and also brilliant\/groundbreaking <i>The Sopranos<\/i> was on at the same time, and because of its production value, network, and (I\u2019d argue) its maleness, was written about everywhere, treated like literature immediately. Yet the very campiness of <i>Buffy <\/i>is part of its literary appeal. <i>Buffy<\/i> is not slick. It is touchable. It feels, despite the enormity of the themes, like you can hide it under your bed. It is paperback size. Again, I know plenty of writers who love <i>The Sopranos<\/i>, not to mention, say, <i>Love Island<\/i>. But not the way they love <i>Buffy<\/i>. There&#8217;s something about\u00a0<em>Buffy\u00a0<\/em>that feels like it belongs to us.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275615\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/41-shes-a-hero\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/41-Shes-a-Hero.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"447,447\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"41 She&amp;#8217;s a Hero\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;My favorite moment of the series.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/41-Shes-a-Hero.jpg\" class=\"size-full wp-image-275615\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/41-Shes-a-Hero.jpg\" alt=\" She's a Hero\" width=\"447\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/41-Shes-a-Hero.jpg 447w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/41-Shes-a-Hero-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/41-Shes-a-Hero-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/41-Shes-a-Hero-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/41-Shes-a-Hero-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 447px) 100vw, 447px\" \/> My favorite moment of the series.<\/span>\n<p>One of the first ways I was taught to interpret literature was through a symbolist lens\u2014maybe they still teach this way. When Gregor Samsa wakes up as an enormous insect one morning, what does it really <i>mean<\/i>? What is Hemingway trying to tell us with these hills? And so on. And there is something satisfying in tracking clues and decoding references. But as a writer, I\u2019ve realized that by treating fiction of any kind like a code to be broken ultimately distracts from the point. \u201cStories aren\u2019t about things,\u201d Bret Anthony Johnson has memorably written. \u201cStories <i>are <\/i>things. Stories aren\u2019t about actions. Stories are, unto themselves, actions.\u201d Too much intention, too much Trying to Say, too much overarching metaphor, can deaden your work.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275616\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/42-fear-itself\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1890,1071\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"42 Fear Itself\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Bunnies, bunnies, it must be bunnies!&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself-1240x703.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275616\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself-1240x703.jpg\" alt=\"Fear Itself\" width=\"1240\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself-1240x703.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself-768x435.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself-1536x870.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/42-Fear-Itself.jpg 1890w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> Bunnies, bunnies, it must be bunnies!<\/span>\n<p>But <i>Buffy <\/i>is full of those codes and metaphors, sometimes painfully obvious\u2014and vehemently excepting \u201cBeer Bad,\u201d it usually works. Because <i>Buffy <\/i>and <i>Angel <\/i>both manage to do both: they manage to be codes <i>and<\/i> actions. The most obvious general interpretation of <i>Buffy<\/i>\u2019s project is that the show transmutes real teenage anxieties into monsters; every villain is a metaphor. High school is hell. But that would be hollow without the sense that the characters\u2019 emotions, and therefore our emotions, are <i>real<\/i>\u2014that the story, though it might have been born from metaphor, has literal, intrinsic meaning. That\u2019s why we feel something when we watch it. Like all good literature, <i>Buffy <\/i>and <i>Angel <\/i>are more than one thing at once. They are full of mirrors and doubles and layers of meaning and shifting sands. Like all good literature, <i>Buffy <\/i>changes. And like all good literature, <i>Buffy <\/i>changes us.<\/p>\n<span class=\"caption\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"275617\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/on-grief-and-growing-up-in-buffy-the-vampire-slayer\/43-the-end-copy\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"43 The End copy\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;With the rising music, and the rising&amp;#8230;music.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy-1240x698.jpg\" class=\"size-large wp-image-275617\" src=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy-1240x698.jpg\" alt=\"The End buffy musical\" width=\"1240\" height=\"698\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy-1240x698.jpg 1240w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy-60x34.jpg 60w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy-50x28.jpg 50w, https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/43-The-End-copy.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\" \/> With the rising music, and the rising&#8230;music.<\/span>\n<p>So this last year, I\u2019ve been feeling grief\u2014for Anthony Stewart Head and Nicholas Brendan and Michelle Trachtenberg, and their families, and for my dad, and for the world\u2014and that\u2019s okay. Because grief is good. It\u2019s what makes us human. It\u2019s how we know we have a soul. Sometimes you can\u2019t find it until it hurts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following essay is adapted from a keynote address given at the Association for the Study of Buffy+&#8217;s 11th Biennial Slayage Conference on July 10, 2026. In case it needs to be said, this essay contains many, many spoilers for,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1210,"featured_media":275618,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[43069,43093,11,26761,43092],"tags":[37889,111819,23783,42678,745,8238],"class_list":["post-275483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-craftandcriticism","category-film-and-tv","category-fullwidth-slider","category-longform","category-newsandculture","tag-angel","tag-anthony-head","tag-buffy-the-vampire-slayer","tag-emily-has-fun-at-work","tag-grief","tag-television","story-type-deep-dive"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p5rKFr-19Fh","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/buffygrief-copy.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1210"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275483"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275483\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=275483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lithub.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=275483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}]